From:    Marty Leipzig
To:      Sean McCullough                        Msg #824, Oct-15-93 11:17:44
Subject: Fox on life.

Sean McCullough, caught in the Deccan Traps, said to Marty Leipzig:

 SM> Hello, Marty!! Good to see you back here!!


 SM> You were telling Russ Lopez:

 >  RL> I do know this for a fact:  LIFE HAS NEVER BEEN CREATED IN A
 > LABORATORY.
 >  RL> [under any circumstances]
 >  RL> To bad you can't grasp that simple fact.

 >      Well, wait just a millennium there, Russ.

 >      In just over 40 years of experimentation, we have not "created
 >      life in the laboratory", but we have made proteinoid
 >      microspheres which are just this side of the life/not life
 >      barrier. Not too shabby.


 SM> In fact, a case exists that the proteinoidal microspheres ARE alive,
 SM> as they can reproduce themselves.
 SM> The only thing that they CANNOT do is synthesize their own food (like
 SM> bluegreen algae) or eat external food (like animals). They are still
 SM> dependent for THAT on the external "primordial soup".

     Let's give Rongoloid something to keep his lips moving for
     weeks...

   Blueweiss, L., Fox, H., Kudzma, V., Nakashima, D., Peters, R., and
     Sams, S., 1978, Relationships between body size and some life
     history parameters: Oecologia, v. 37, p. 257-272.

   Fox, S. W., 1957, The chemical problem of spontaneous generation:
     Journal of Chemical Education, v. 34, p. 472-479.

   ---, 1959, Review of the book {i The Biological Replication of
     Macromolecules}: Journal of Chemical Education, v. 36, p. 706A.

   ---, 1964, Thermal polymerization of amino acids and production of
     formed microparticles on lava: Nature, v. 201, p. 336-337.

   ---, 1965, Experiments suggesting evolution to protein, {iin} Bryson,
     V., and Vogel, H. J., eds., Evolving Genes and Proteins: New York,
     Academic Press, p. 359-369.

   ---, 1968, Spontaneous generation, the origin of life, and self
     assembly: Current Models in Biology [Now {iBioSystems}], v. 2, p.
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   ---, 1969, Self-ordered polymers and propagative cell-like systems:
     Naturwissenschaften, v. 56, p. 1-9.

   ---, 1973a, Molecular evolution to the first cells: Pure Applied
     Chemistry, v.  34, p. 641-669.

   ---, 1973b, The rapid evolution of complex systems from simple
     beginnings, {iin} Marois, M., ed., From Theoretical Physics to
     Biology: Basel, S. Karger, p.  133-144.

   ---, 1974, The proteinoid theory of the origin of life and competing
     ideas: American Biology Teacher, v. 36, p. 161-172, 181.

   ---, 1976a, Contribution of experimental protobiogenesis to the theory
     of evolution, {iin} Novak, J. A., and Pacltova, B., eds.,
     Evolutionary Biology: Prague, Czech. Biological Society, p. 35-44.

   ---, 1976b, The evolutionary significance of phase-separated
     microsystems: Origins Life, v. 7, p. 49-68.

   ---, 1976c, Response to comments on thermal polypeptides: Journal of
     Molecular Evolution, v. 8, p. 301-304.

   ---, 1977, Bioorganic chemistry and the emergence of the first cell,
     {iin} van Tamelan, E. E., ed., Bioorganic Chemistry: New York,
     Academic Press, v.  III, p. 21-32.

   ---, 1978, The origin and nature of protolife, {iin} Heidcamp, W. H.,
     ed., : Baltimore, University Park Press, p. 23-92.

   ---, 1979, More on the origin of life: Chemical Engineering News, v.
     57, no. 8, p. 4.

   ---, 1980a, Introductory remarks to the special issue on 'assembly
     mechanisms': BioSystems, v. 12, p. 131.

   ---, 1980b, Life from an orderly Cosmos: Naturwissenschaften, v. 67, p.
     576-581.

   ---, 1980c, Metabolic microspheres: Naturwissenschaften, v. 67, p. 378-
     383.

   ---, 1980d, The origins of behavior in macromolecules and protocells:
     Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, v. 67B, p. 423-436.

   ---, 1980e, Response to repeated statements on temperatures required
     for polycondensation of amino acids: Journal of Molecular
     Evolution, v. 15, p.  539.

   ---, 1981a, An acid test: Nature, v. 294, p. 688.

   ---, 1981b, Creation "copout": Nature, v. 292, p. 490.

   ---, 1981c, Creationism, the random hypothesis and experiments:
     Science, v. 213, p. 290.

   ---, 1981d, From inanimate matter to living systems: American Biology
     Teacher, v. 43, no. 3, p. 127-135, 140.

   ---, 1981e, How many theories for the origin of (proto)life?, {iin}
     Srinivasan, R., ed., Biomolecular Structure, Conformation,
     Function and Evolution: Oxford, Pergamon Press, p. 643-646.

   ---, 1981f, A model for protocellular coordination of nucleic acid and
     protein synthesis, {iin} Kageyama, M., Nakamura, K., Oshima, T.,
     and Uchida, T., eds., Science and Scientists: Tokyo, Japan Science
     Society Press, p. 39-45.

   ---, 1981g, Origins of the protein synthesis cycle: International
     Journal of Quantum Chemistry, v. QBS8, p. 441-454.

   ---, 1988, The Emergence of Life: Darwinian Evolution from the Inside:
     New York, Basic Books.

   Fox, S. W., and Dose, K., 1977, Molecular Evolution and the Origin of
     Life: New York and Basel, Marcel Dekker, Inc., 370 p.

   Fox, S. W., and Harada, K., 1958, Thermal copolymerization of amino
     acids to a product resembling protein: Science, v. 128, p. 1214.

   Fox, S. W., and Krampitz, G., 1964, The catalytic decomposition of
     glucose in aqueous solution by thermal proteinoids: Nature, v.
     203, p. 1362-1364.

   Fox, S. W., and Nakashima, T., 1980, The assembly and properties of
     protobiological structures: the beginnings of cellular peptide
     synthesis: BioSystems, v. 12, p. 155-166.

   Fox, S. W., and Wang, C.-T., 1968, Melanocyte-stimulating hormone
     activity on thermal properties of à-amino acids: Science, v. 160,
     p. 547-548.

   Fox, S. W., and Yuyama, S., 1963a, Abiotic production of primitive
     protein and formed microparticles: Annals of the New York Academy
     of Sciences, v. 108, p. 487-494.

   ---, 1963b, Effects of the Gram stain on microspheres from thermal
     polyamino acids: Journal of Bacteriology, v. 85, p. 279-283.

   Fox, S. W., Harada, K., and Rohlfing, D. L., 1962, The thermal
     copolymerization of à-amino acids, {iin} Stahmann, M. A., ed.,
     Polyamino Acids, Polypeptides, and Proteins: Madison, Wisconsin,
     University of Wisconsin Press, p. 47-54.

   Fox, S. W., Joseph, D., McCauley, R. J., Windsor, C. R., and Yuyama,
     S., 1966, Simulation of organismic morphology and behavior by
     synthetic poly-à-amino acids, {iin} Brown, A. H., and Florkin, M.,
     eds., Life Sciences and Space Research: Washington, D.C., Spartan
     Books, v. IV, p. 111-120.

   Fox, S. W., McCauley, R. J., and Wood, A., 1967, A model of primitive
     heterotrophic proliferation: Comparative Biochemistry and
     Physiology, v.  20, p. 773-778.

   Fox, S. W., McCauley, R. J., Montgomery, P. O'B., Fukushima, T.,
     Harada, K., and Windsor, C. R., 1969, Membrane-like properties in
     microsystems assembled from synthetic protein-like polymer, {iin}
     Snell, F., Wolken, J., Iverson, G. J., and Lam, J., eds., Physical
     Principles of Biological Membranes: New York, Gordon & Breach, p.
     417-430.

   Fox, S. W., Jungck, J. R., and Nakashima, T., 1974, From proteinoid
     microsphere to comtemporary cell: formation of internucleotide and
     peptide bonds by proteinoid particles: Origins Life, v. 5, p. 227-
     237.

   Fox, S. W., Adachi, T., and Stillwell, W., 1980, A quinone-assisted
     photoformation of energy-rich chemical bonds, {iin} Veziroglu, T.
     N., ed., Solar Energy: International Progress: New York, Pergamon
     Press, v. 2, p.  1056-1074.

   Fox, S. W., Harada, K., and Hare, P. E., 1981, Amino acids from the
     Moon: Notes on meteorites: Subcellular Biochemistry, v. 8, p. 357-
     373.

   Fox, S. W., Nakashima, T., Przyblyski, A., and Syren, R. M., 1982, The
     updated experimental proteinoid model: International Journal of
     Quantum Chemistry, v. QBS 9, p. 195-204.

   Grote, J. R., Syren, R. M., and Fox, S. W., 1978, Effect of product
     from heated amino acids on conductance in lipid bilayer membrenes
     and nonaqueous solvents: BioSystems, v. 10, p. 287-292.

   Harada, K., and Fox, S. W., 1965, Thermal polycondensation of free
     amino acids with polyphosphatic acid, {iin} Fox, S. W., ed., The
     Origins of Prebiological Systems: New York, Academic Press, p.
     289-308.

   Hayakawa, T., Windsor, C. R., and Fox, S. W., 1967, Copolymerization of
     the Leuchs anhydrides of the eighteen amino acids common to
     protein: Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysiology, v. 118, p.
     265-272.

   Hsu, L. L., Brooke, S., and Fox, S. W., 1971, Conjugation of proteinoid
     microspheres: a model of primordial communication: Current Models
     in Biology [Now {iBioSystems}], v. 4, p. 12-25.

   Ishima, Y., Pryzbylski, A., and Fox, S. W., 1981, Electrical membrane
     phenomena in spherules from protenoid and lecithin: BioSystems, v.
     13, p. 243-251.

   Junck, J. R., and Fox, S. W., 1973, Synthesis of oligonucleotides by
     proteinoid microspheres acting on ATP: Naturwissenschaften, v. 60,
     p. 425-427.

   Nakashima, T., and Fox, S. W., 1980, Synthesis of peptides from amino
     acids and ATP with lysine-rich protenoid: Journal of Molecular
     Evolution, v. 15, p.  161-168.

   ---, 1981, Formulation of peptides by single or multiple additions of
     ATP to suspensions of nucleoproteinoid microparticles: BioSystems,
     v. 14, p. 151-161.

   Nakashima, T., Jungck, J. R., Fox, S. W., Lederer, E., and Das, B. C.,
     1977, A test for randomness in peptides isolated from a thermal
     polyamino acid: International Journal of Quantum Chemistry, v.
     QBS4, p. 65-72.

   Rohlfing, D. L., and Fox, S. W., 1967, The catalytic activity of
     thermal polyanhydro-à-amino acids for the hydrolysis of p-
     nitrophenyl acetate: Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysiology,
     v. 118, p. 127-132.

   ---, 1969, Catalytic activities of thermal polyanhydro-à-amino acids:
     Advances in Catalysis, v. 20, p. 373-418.

   Snyder, W. D., and Fox, S., 1975, A model for the origin of stable
     protocells in a primitive alkaline ocean: BioSystems, v. 7, p.
     222-229.

   Vegotsky, A., and Fox, S. W., 1962, Protein molecules: intraspecific
     and interspecific variations, {iin} Florkin, M., and Mason, H. S.,
     eds., Comparative Biochemistry: New York, Academic Press, v. IV,
     p. 185-224.

     There. That should keep him quite busy...


... Dyslexic Christian sells soul to Santa...News at 11
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 * Origin: A Little Corner in Time BBS (1:106/113.0)