Loren I. Petrich
Jun-07-93 05:34PM
FAQ suggestion: Family Tree

Organization: Lawrence Livermore National Labs, Livermore CA
From: lip@s1.gov (Loren I. Petrich)
Message-ID: <1v0qap$jka@s1.gov>
Newsgroups: talk.origins

      I have an idea for a talk.origins FAQ file: a summary of what
is known of the family tree of Earth life. The purpose of it is to
illustrate a major result of the evolutionary biologists' effort. Are
there any good introductory books that give reasonably comprehensive
accounts of family trees (phylogenies, to be technical)?

      Here is a partial tree:

      Ultimate Ancestor:

Eubacteria
Archaebacteria
Eukaryotes

      Eubacteria:

Proteobacteria
Gram-positives
Cyanobacteria

      Proteobacteria: [is that now the established term?]

Purple photosynthetic bacteria
Many Gram-negative aerobic bacteria like _Escherichia coli_,
_Pseudomonas_, and _Rhizobium_ (root-nodule bacterium)
Mitochondria

      Gram-positives:

Spore-formers (clostridia, _Bacillus_, etc.)
Actinomycetes

      Cyanobacteria:

Blue-green ones proper
Prokaryotic green algae
Chloroplasts (and other colors of plastids)

      Archaebacteria:

Thermoacidophiles (sulfur eaters)
Methanogens
Extreme halophiles

      Eukaryotes:

Various flagellates
Ciliates
Green plants
Other-colored algae
Animals
Fungi

      Fungi:

Yeasts
Molds
Mushrooms

      Green plants:

Some green algae
Land plants

      Land plants:

Mosses
Liverworts
Vascular plants

      Vascular plants:

Horsetails
Ferns
Seed plants

      Seed plants:

Gymnosperms
Angiosperms

      Gymnosperms:

Conifers
Cycads
Ginkgos

      Angiosperms:

Dicots (broad-leaf plants)
Monocots (narrow-leaf plants)

      Animals:

Sea sponges
Metazoa

      Metazoa:

Cnidaria (coelenterates, comb jellies)
Bilateria

      Bilateria:

Protostomia
Lophophorata
Deuterostomia

      Protostomia:

Annelids
Arthropods
Mollusks

      Annelids:

Earthworms
Marine ones
Leeches

      Arthropods:

Onychophora (velvet worms)
Tardigrades
Trilobites
Crustaceans
Chelicerates
Uniramia

      Chelicerates:

Spiders
Scorpions
Mites

      Uniramia:

Insects
Centipedes
Millipedes

      Insects:

Silverfish and other flightless ones
Flying insects

      Flying insects:

3-stage life cycle (egg, immature, adult)
4-stage life cycle (egg, larva, pupa, adult)


      3-stage life cycle (egg, immature, adult):

Orthoptera (grasshoppers, crickets)
Hemiptera
Dragonflies and mayflies

      4-stage life cycle (egg, larva, pupa, adult):

Beetles
Hymenoptera (wasps, bees, and ants)
Diptera (flies and mosquitoes)

      Mollusks:

Cephalopods (squids, octopuses, nautiloids, and ammonoids)
Gastropods (snails)
Pelecypods (clams, oysters, and mussels)

      Lophophorata:

Brachiopods
Bryozoans

      Deuterostomia:

Echinoderms
Chordates

      Echinoderms:

Starfish
Sand dollars
Sea urchins
Sea lilies

      Chordates:

Tunicates
Amphioxus
Arrow worms
Vertebrates

      Vertebrates:

Jawless fish (lamprey, hagfish)
Jawed fish

      Jawed fish:

Elasmobranchs (sharks, rays, skates)
Ray-finned bony fish
Lobe-finned bony fish

      Ray-finned bony fish:

Sturgeons, gars, etc.
Teleosts (most common bony fish)

      Lobe-finned bony fish:

Coelacanth
Lungfish
Amphibians

      Amphibians:

Frogs and toads
Salamanders
Caecilians
Reptiles

      Reptiles:

Extinct forms (_Seymouria_, etc.)
Turtles
Lizards (including snakes)
Rhynchocephalians (the tuatara is the only survivor)
Ancestral crocodilians
Mammal-like reptiles (including mammals)

      Ancestral crocodilians:

Crocodilians
Dinosaurs (including birds)
Pterosaurs

      Mammals:

Monotremes (egg-layers)
Marsupials
Placentals

      Monotremes (egg-layers):

Extinct forms
Duckbill platypus
Spiny anteater

      Marsupials:

Opossum
Kangaroos
Wallabies
Wombats
Thylacine (marsupial wolf)

      Placentals:

Insectivores
Bats
Rodents
Anteaters
Even-toed ungulates
Odd-toed ungulates
Cetaceans
Elephants
Sirenians (manatees, dugongs)
Carnivorids
Primates

      Insectivores:

Shrewmouse
Hedgehog
Mole

      Rodents:

Mice, rats, etc.
Squirrels
Guinea pigs
Prairie dogs
Capybaras
Beavers

      Even-toed ungulates:

Cervids (deer, giraffes)
Bovids (bovines, antelope, etc.)
Suids (pigs, peccaries)
Camelids (camels, llamas, alpacas)
Hippopotamus

      Odd-toed ungulates:

Equids (horses, donkeys, zebras)
Rhinoceroses
Tapirs

      Cetaceans:

Toothed whales (dolphins, killer whales [orcas], sperm whale)
Baleen whales

      Carnivorids:

Mustelids (weasels, ferrets)
Canoids
Feloids
Pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, walruses)

      Canoids:

Canids (wolves, domestic dogs, jackals)
Foxes
Raccoons
Bears (including the giant panda)

      Feloids:

Civet cats
Hyenas
Felines (domestic cats, cougars, lions, tigers, etc.)

      Primates:

Prosimians (tree shrew, lemurs, lorises, etc.)
Simians

      Simians:

New World Monkeys
Old World Monkeys

      Old World Monkeys:

Monkeys proper (macaques, baboons, etc.)
Apes

      Apes:

Gibbons and siamangs
Great apes

      Great apes:

Orangutan
Gorilla
Chimpanzee
Hominids

      Hominids:

_Australopithecus_
_Homo_

      _Homo_:

_Homo erectus_
_Homo sapiens_ [if not split]

      _Homo sapiens_:

_Homo sapiens neanderthalensis_
_Homo sapiens sapiens_

      [I guess I saved the best for last :-]

.
--
/Loren Petrich, the Master Blaster
/lip@s1.gov