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Reply-To: witch!tidbits.com!editors
Sender: TidBITS - a newsletter for Mac users
From: "Adam C. Engst"
Subject: TidBITS#259/16-Jan-95
To: Multiple recipients of list TIDBITS
REPLY-TO: witch!tidbits.com!editors
ŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻ
TidBITS#259/16-Jan-95
=====================
News of the first Macintosh clones and Apple's set-top CD-ROM
player appears in this issue, as does an article about
Connectix's cute QuickCam video camera. Geoff Duncan looks
at the GIF fiasco spawned by Unisys and CompuServe in more
depth, and we review SimTower from Maxis. Finally for you
addicts out there, Bungie now has an official Marathon
Web site.
This issue of TidBITS sponsored in part by:
* APS Technologies -- 800/443-4199 --
Makers of hard drives, tape drives, and neat SCSI accessories.
For APS price lists, email: <---- new
* Northwest Nexus -- 206/455-3505 -- http://www.halcyon.com
Providing access to the global Internet.
* PowerCity Online -- Prices & info: <75361.532@compuserve.com>
Online email ordering of 40,000 items of software and hardware.
* Hayden Books, an imprint of Macmillan Computer Publishing
Save 20% on all books via the Web -- http://www.mcp.com
Copyright 1990-1995 Adam & Tonya Engst. Details at end of issue.
Automated info: Comments:
--------------------------------------------------------------
Topics:
MailBITS/16-Jan-95
The Clone Zone
The End of the GIF-Giving Season
Pippin Pops Up
SimTower: The Fun of Trump Without the Bankruptcy
Video for Everyone
Reviews/16-Jan-95
[Archived as /info-mac/per/tb/tidbits-259.etx; 30K]
MailBITS/16-Jan-95
------------------
Today is a national holiday in the U.S. - Martin Luther King Day.
For those in other countries who don't know, Martin Luther King,
Jr. was among the most well-known of the civil rights leaders in
the 1960s and winner of the 1964 Nobel Peace Prize.
Why do I bring up this holiday? Because, in a moment of
reflection, I think King would have approved of the Internet as a
medium of communication, one in which race has no impact. In his
famous 1963 "I have a dream" speech, King said, "I have a dream
that my four little children will one day live in a nation where
they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the
content of their character." That dream can see the daylight of
reality in the most virtual of places, the Internet. We would do
well to remember King's dream and work to bring it to fruition
outside the Internet as well. [ACE]
**500-series PowerBook owners** with Apple's PCMCIA expansion
module have been reporting problems with type III PCMCIA devices
sticking in the slot, modem driver problems, and grounding trouble
with the upper slot when certain cards are inserted. A revised
module, M2995LL/B, will replace the original (M2995LL/A) by the
end of January. Affected owners (such as those with an Apple
Mobile Message System paging card) will be able to request a
replacement. (Further details will be available later this month.)
New modem drivers will be available separately in a version 1.0.1
update for the module's flash ROM for users who are not
experiencing hardware difficulties. [MHA]
**Peter Lewis** comments
regarding the heat-sensitive paper we mentioned in TidBITS-258_:
Now what we really need is paper that changes colour when you run
it through a laser printer, and then changes back after a few
days. That way you could print out stuff, read it, and then reuse
the paper the next week after the print had faded. Think of all
the saved trees. Not to mention the fun you'd have using it for
contracts.
**Mike Cohen** writes in regard to the Newton
Web browser and the Windows 95 presence at Macworld in
TidBITS-258_:
I saw AllPen's Newton Web browser at the Newton VAR show in
Cupertino on Thursday and at Digital Ocean's booth at Macworld. It
requires a Mac-based server, since current Newtons don't support
TCP/IP or even SLIP or PPP. Even on a small Newton, it's pretty
neat. Unfortunately, the older sample version (local only with a
few built-in pages) doesn't properly recognize my 110's screen
size.
Also, in regard to Dell's presence at Macworld, Dell was showing a
$4,000 development system "especially for Mac developers doing
Windows 95 development." It was part of the push to lure Mac
developers to the Windows world. They also advertise it in
Microsoft's four-page ad in the new issue of MacTech.
We don't plan to do any Windows development (other than providing
connectivity for our Newton data collection software) since it
just doesn't pay. Several developers posted similar concerns on
noting that, even though there are ten
times as many Windows systems, the amount of software sold is only
about twice the amount sold for the Mac. Since more tech support
is needed for Windows, developing for Windows can actually be
_less_ profitable.
**J. J. Lodder** comments that in addition to
Open Door Networks (see TidBITS-258_), knoware, a Dutch non-profit
foundation, has been providing dial-up Internet access via ARA for
almost a year. The price is Dfl 5/hour = US$3/hour, or Dfl
700/year for unlimited access up to 28,800 bps, exclusive of local
phone rates.
This method of providing Internet access is still uncommon,
although it does make one wonder how many Internet providers would
spring up using this method if Apple gave the ARA client software
away for free and sold the server. [ACE]
**Jake Peters** writes:
One of my fellow employees recently purchased the Visioneer
PaperPort scanner. There are two amazing things about it - the
size and the interface software. When you insert a piece of paper
in the scanner, it automatically scans the page and opens the
PaperPort software. Once the page has been scanned in, you can
drag multiple pages together to make a stack. Then, let's say you
want to fax the set of five pages to someone else. All you do is
drag the stack to the image of a fax machine, and it will fax the
document. The PaperPort software also works with PowerTalk and
enables you to print the documents or save them in a variety of
graphical file formats.
**Marathon**, the popular Doom-like game for the Macintosh, now
has an "official" World-Wide Web site. So those of you who can't
get enough of the game can get a little more while you're on the
Web. [ACE]
http://www.netweb.com/mall/marathon/
**Kids World demo** -- In TidBITS-255_, I reviewed Kids World, a
kid's program for creating animated screen savers. Those wanting
to give Kids World a trial run can check out the demo, which
offers a good idea of what using Kids World is like, but only
gives access to Backyard World and the painting tools. If you try
the demo, you can see a special animation by positioning the cat
and dog close together. [TJE]
ftp://ftp.netcom.com/pub/ju/juggler/mac/Kids_World_Demo.hqx
**Philip Enslow** writes:
The First and Second WWW Conferences are now history and planning
is underway for the Third to be held in Darmstadt in April. The
official Proceedings of the First Conference have now been
published as a Special Issue of Computer Networks and ISDN Systems
which contains eighteen of the best papers. For further
information on the journal, see:
http://www.elsevier.nl/
The Proceedings of the Second Conference are being prepared for
publication as a Special Issue also. The Third Conference, which
will be much smaller than the Second (which turned out to be
enormous), will also use the Journal to publish its proceedings.
The Fourth Conference is tentatively scheduled for Boston in
November or December of 1995.
The Clone Zone
--------------
by Tonya Engst
If you read much in the way of computer-related media, you almost
certainly know that Apple has licensed its MacOS to a few sundry
companies, making it possible for these companies to sell
Macintosh clones. As Macintosh users struggle to wrap our minds
around the fact that in the future only a few super-savvy souls
will be able to track all the currently available Macintosh
computers, two companies - Radius and Power Computing - have risen
out of the morass of possible licensees and announced concrete
plans to ship clones in the first half (if not sooner) of 1995.
**Radius** -- Radius has long made accelerator boards, video
cards, and the like for the Macintosh, so it comes as no big
surprise that they will be early clone makers. Apparently, Radius
plans to offer several clones to help people push the speed
envelope with desktop publishing and video. One such clone, dubbed
the VideoVision Workstation, is intended as dream machine for
people doing video on the Mac, and will ship with
Radius/VideoFusion's Radius Edit program, a program that video
producers should find analogous to the higher-end systems they've
been using for editing video. Radius Edit will also support
QuickDraw GX fonts. Radius Edit will also ship separately in the
first quarter of 1995 for around $1,000.
**Power Computing** -- While Radius readies clones for the high
end, Power Computing is putting together clones for the average
user. Power Computing hopes to offer a highly affordable PowerPC-
based clone, and (according to MacWEEK) to sell their clones
through popular mail order houses, a procedure that makes sense to
many involved, but not for Apple dealers or educational resellers
who might like to share this piece of the clone pie. Power
Computing may also sell Macintosh components to other vendors who
would then create their own systems.
Don't expect PowerBook clones any time this year, and my crystal
ball fogs up completely when I ask when anyone outside of North
America will be able to conveniently purchase clones.
Radius -- 408/541-6100 -- 800/227-2795 -- 408/541-5094 (fax)
The End of the GIF-Giving Season
--------------------------------
by Geoff Duncan
On January 3rd, 1995, an announcement appeared in CompuServe's
GRAPHSUPPORT forum that sent a shock wave through the online
community. Apparently, the popular GIF graphics file format was
now proprietary and users must have secured a license from
CompuServe by January 10th in order to keep using GIF files. As it
turned out, this interpretation wasn't entirely congruent with the
truth, but that didn't stop the firestorm of debate that ensued.
GIF (Graphics Interchange Format) is a graphics file format
introduced by CompuServe in 1987. Its purpose was to enable users
on multiple platforms - Macs, PCs, Amigas, or whatever - to
download and view pictures. Back in the days of 1200 baud modems,
GIFs were pretty much just time-consuming curiosities. But as
bandwidth increased, more tools became available, and as the
Internet and BBS communities expanded, GIF became the de facto
standard for distributing graphics online. Not surprisingly, it's
also the graphic format of choice for the World-Wide Web, and is
the only graphics format supported internally by the three major
Macintosh Web browsers. (Netscape also supports JPEG; see below.)
So why the controversy, especially over a file format that's been
around for years? The problem lies in the GIF format's use of LZW
(Lempel-Zev-Welch) compression and decompression. Graphic files
can be very large: a full-screen (640 x 480), 256-color image
requires 2,457,600 bits of memory to be represented internally by
your computer. (That translates to about 300K.) In those days of
1200 baud modems, no one in their right mind downloaded a 300K
file just to see a picture. By making use of LZW compression,
however, that same file could be considerably smaller in GIF
format, although the exact amount of savings varied depending on
the picture. Suddenly downloading graphics became more practical.
**How Did We Get Here From There?** The LZW compression method was
originally published in a journal by a Unisys engineer and was
used by a number of developers (not just CompuServe) for a variety
of purposes. Unbeknownst to these developers, Unisys later applied
for a patent on the LZW compression technology. The patent was
granted in 1993.
Now here's where the debacle begins. Unisys, apparently, didn't
bother to make any public statement as to its licensing policy or
intentions: it merely called up major GIF-related developers -
like CompuServe - and started talking about infringement suits.
These developers, caught by Unisys's "submarine patent," began
licensing negotiations. When CompuServe negotiators reached an
agreement with Unisys in mid-1994, they apparently didn't bother
to tell anybody either. They merely "initiated a process" to
secure a similar license that would benefit their community of
GIF-related developers.
When CompuServe managed to make an arrangement with Unisys whereby
developers could obtain a GIF license from CompuServe rather than
Unisys directly, all manner of chaos broke loose. First,
"official" announcements appearing in CompuServe's forums were
often incomplete or misleading (one even misspelled Unisys
consistently). Second, it was unclear whether the restrictions on
the GIF format applied only to developers or also to anyone
_using_ the GIF format. GIFs are used almost everywhere,
especially on the World-Wide Web. If the GIF file format was no
longer free to use, literally tens of thousands of WWW sites,
software programs, and images would have to be licensed, recalled,
or go offline until the images could be licensed or replaced.
Several interpretations of the badly-phrased CompuServe
announcements began to circulate on the Internet. Unisys probably
got off a little easier because many people thought it was all
CompuServe's fault, but newsgroup threads and email flew thick and
furious. Some felt the agreement was irrelevant, since Unisys
could never prosecute everyone using the GIF format. Some heralded
the death of the GIF, and still others thought the whole thing was
a joke, especially in the wake of the recent "Good Times" virus
hoax. Wags even updated the popular line to "Death of the Net
Predicted - JPEG at 11."
**What's the Deal?** Eventually, Unisys and CompuServe issued
press releases and clarifications:
1) Unisys is requiring all software developers using the GIF
format in "commercial, for-profit" software to obtain licenses.
This means that users viewing and distributing GIF files are in
the clear, as are freeware and non-profit applications.
2) CompuServe has provided an optional licensing agreement that
can be used by developers of software "primarily for use with the
CompuServe Information Service" rather than dealing with Unisys
directly.
One upshot of #1, above, is that graphics programs and commercial
WWW browsers which read or write the GIF format (like Photoshop
and Netscape) will have to obtain licenses in order to continue
using GIF. Some people think this will be a big problem, others
see it as a side issue since some of these developers (like Adobe)
already license the TIFF format from Unisys. The debate has also
sparked interest in replacements for the GIF format. A commonly
suggested alternative has been JPEG, which typically achieves far
better compression than GIF and can use 24-bit color (GIF is
limited to 256-color images). The difficulty with JPEG is that
it's a "lossy" compression format: it throws out some data in
order to achieve better compression. Other formats receiving
attention include PBF, GEF, and FGF (variants or deliberate
replacements for GIF).
**Lessons Learned?** Unisys's filing for a patent of the LZW
technology after the GIF format had been widely adopted by the
computer industry is, to say the least, questionable. Threatening
to file infringement suits after seven years of encouraged use of
the GIF format is, to say the least, highly questionable. Many
companies and developers have found themselves in a position of
having been unwitting partners to Unisys. This has damaged these
companies' reputations and relationships with their developers;
even without that, I'm sure Unisys's actions wouldn't make them
happy.
Further, you'd think that after watching Intel get nailed by the
commercial and Internet communities during the Pentium fiasco,
Unisys and CompuServe - companies specializing in information
technology - would have gone to some effort to make their policies
and intentions clear online. Although Unisys did eventually
release a decent clarification and CompuServe seems to have
finally gotten its message across, engendering that amount of
rhetoric, rage, and misinformation can at the very least be viewed
as irresponsible, possibly inexcusable. Eventually, companies and
vendors will learn not to turn a blind side to the Internet
community; however, until that day they will have to be content to
take their bruises.
http://www.xmission.com/~mgm/gif/
http://www.unisys.com/
http://www.compuserve.com/
Pippin Pops Up
--------------
by Tonya Engst
Apple is branching out from the Macintosh name to other apple
words with the Pippin (which is, if you believe our mellifluous
dictionary, "any of numerous roundish or oblate varieties of
apple"). Depending on how you look at it (and what you read)
Apple's new Pippin is either a new platform, or a fancy quadruple-
speed CD-ROM player that connects to a television. Either way, the
Pippin uses an operating system based on the MacOS and takes
advantage of a PowerPC 603 chip.
The initial point of a Pippin is to do a great job running CD-ROM
discs, especially CDs that use the PowerPC architecture to go all
out with sound, graphics, and so on. Pippin CDs will be a natural
match for QuickTime VR, which Apple officially announced on 13-
Jan-94 . (The earlier inclusion of QuickTime VR on the Star Trek
Interactive Technical Manual CD-ROM [see TidBITS-250_] came before
the announcement.)
A Pippin won't help you run a Fortune 500 company, but it may
prove popular with the Nintendo or Sega crowd. Pippins apparently
have gobs of ports, so you'll be able to attach various devices
(keyboard, joysticks, hard disks, and so on), although I haven't
seen any information giving the exact expected specifications.
Current CD-ROMs won't work in a Pippin, but Apple's press release
claims that it will only take "slight modification" on the part of
a developer to make current CDs work. At least part of that
modification will be the inclusion of the Pippin operating system,
since the entire Pippin OS will come on each commercial CD, not on
a separate boot CD. None of the Pippin's operating system will
ship in the ROMs, as is customary for a Macintosh. A CD that works
in a Pippin will also work in a Macintosh.
Apple has licensed Pippin to Bandai, a Japanese company, and the
Pippin should first appear as Bandai's Power Player, available for
around $500.
The Pippin strikes me as an interesting direction for Apple, not
because of its CD-ROM capabilities, but because I wonder when
Apple will announce a Pippin that talks the TCP/IP protocols of
the Internet. Then we could run into some interesting links
between CD-ROM-based data and the more fluid information from the
Internet, perhaps brought in over a cable modem running at
Ethernet speeds.
SimTower: The Fun of Trump Without the Bankruptcy
-------------------------------------------------
by Richard C.S. Kinne
Do you ever wonder why Donald Trump built those big towers in
Manhattan? What attraction drove him? Now, with SimTower, Maxis
Software's newest simulation of our complex world, you can find
out. SimTower simulates the building and the running of a large
skyscraper. And, you don't even have to deal with Ivana or Marla.
**Begin at the Lobby** -- You begin by creating a ground floor
lobby and then building up (and even down a bit) from there. You
can place offices, hotel rooms, fast food and regular restaurants,
movie theaters, and condominiums on the floors you build. The
simulation does not neglect infrastructure - you can also build
security rooms, service elevators, express elevators, medical
centers, and metro stations. In fact, you must build
infrastructure in order to advance in the game.
As the workday progresses, SimTenants move into the tower and you
gain the revenue needed in order to expand. If you keep your
tenants happy, you'll be able to build a bigger tower with more
people and thereby progress from your initial 1-Star rating all
the way through a 5-Star rating, and then, finally, the Tower
rating.
**Elevators and Other Considerations** -- As with many Maxis
simulations, one of the secrets to happy Sims is helping them
quickly move from point A to point B. In SimTower, this obsession
takes the form of elevators. Indeed, interest in elevators -
according to SimTower's designer Yoot Saito - sparked the creation
of SimTower.
Any Maxis game, however, is a layered product and mastery of one
element never guarantees success. For example, hotel rooms and
condominiums should be placed on different floors or tenants
complain about noisy neighbors. Too much noise causes stress
levels to rise and then the tenants leave your building. On the
other hand, fast food restaurants should be convenient to offices
or the proprietors complain that they don't get enough business.
**Room for Improvement** -- Although I found SimTower quite
enjoyable, it's not perfect. For instance, a few commands show
only on the tool and information pallets, but not on the menus.
For example, to pause the game you click a VCR-like control on the
Tools palette. Unfortunately, if the Tools palette is not up you
must bring it up before you can pause the game.
You can track and name different people in your building. You can
search for named people: the program indicates the person with an
arrow and centers the person on the screen, thus changing the
display of your whole building onscreen. A much better method
would be to put the indicating arrow pointing to your person
onscreen without moving the building unless absolutely necessary.
You can do a little "improving" on your own with a freeware cheat
application from Dave Baum . It enables you to
increase your funds at will, should you be so dishonest.
ftp://mrcnext.cso.uiuc.edu/pub/info-mac/game/com/sim-tower-cheat-10.hqx
**Great Animation and Sound** -- SimTower boasts some of the best
animation and sound I've seen in any program. You can follow the
weather and the progress of the days. You can watch your Sims work
in their offices, prepare for work in their hotel rooms, and clean
their condominiums. A rooster crows at dawn, a bell sounds the
beginning of the business day, and elevators whoosh from floor to
floor. The animation and sound can be turned off, of course, and
the game runs faster without them, though I found SimTower ran
reasonably fast on a Power Macintosh 6100 in emulated mode (the
Power Mac version of SimTower is not yet available). Then again, I
always end up playing Sim games in Slow mode, because they offer
so much to track.
**Conclusion** -- In the final analysis, SimTower is not SimCity
2000 in terms of scope, complexity, and ease of use, but it
compares favorably with the other Sim games such as SimEarth and
SimLife. If you prefer shoot-em-up action games you might want to
pass on SimTower, but if you enjoy the Sim series of games where
you create a simulation, you should find this game a winner.
Maxis Software -- 800/336-2941-- 510/254-9700
510/253-3736 (fax) --
Video for Everyone
------------------
by Mark H. Anbinder, News Editor
Director of Technical Services, Baka Industries Inc.
The FCC approved it just a tad too late for most stores to stock
up for holiday gift sales, but the QuickCam video camera for
Macintosh computers should prove a winner for Connectix. It's the
successful software company's first venture into the peripheral
market.
QuickCam has a retail price of $149, though it sells for about $99
through dealers and some mail-order outlets. In fact, just about
the only users who received their cameras in time for holiday
gift-giving are those who ordered from MacConnection at the
Macworld Expo in August. The backlog should be clearing up as you
read this, though a new run of orders at January's Macworld Expo
may set them behind again.
Suddenly, desktop video is within reach of almost any Mac user's
budget. A small grey sphere about the size of a billiards ball,
with its own removable triangular stand, QuickCam connects to any
QuickTime-compatible Macintosh (one with 68020 processor or
better) through either built-in serial port. Since no specialized
cards are required, it doesn't matter whether your Mac has NuBus
slots, multimedia slots, or anything else - just a free modem port
or printer port. Almost any PowerBook is a perfect candidate.
The first-generation QuickCam provides sixteen shades of grey, but
Connectix plans to produce a color model later in 1995 if the
initial unit sells well. It's perfect for videoconferencing,
learning how to make QuickTime movies, or even taking still
greyscale snapshots.
Two applications come with the camera, one for creating QuickTime
movies and the other for capturing still pictures. The former can
combine the camera's digital video signal with sound input, using
your Mac's microphone (if it has one) or the microphone built into
the QuickCam itself. Connectix recommends you use the Mac's
microphone given the choice; QuickCam's isn't particularly high
quality, and using it limits the bandwidth available in the serial
cable for video signal. Also included with the QuickCam is a
picture framing utility and an After Dark-compatible screen saver
module. QuickCam owners who return their registration card will
receive a CD-ROM containing sample video files and additional
utilities.
Speaking of video signal, Connectix has bypassed the loss of
picture quality inherent in the process of converting analog video
to digital signals. QuickCam generates a pure digital signal and
sends it straight through to the QuickTime software running on the
Mac. Camcorders and most other video cameras send out an analog
NTSC video signal that then must be converted into digital
information before the Mac can use it. This conversion can
(especially with cheaper equipment) result in jitters, snow, or
other degradation in quality. QuickCam avoids all this.
Are there any practical uses for a QuickCam so far? Absolutely.
Even if you don't consider four-bit greyscale sufficient for your
next cinematic masterpiece, it's plenty for videoconferencing on
even low-bandwidth networks like LocalTalk or medium-bandwidth
connections to the Internet. Cornell University's freeware CU-
SeeMe videoconferencing application (designed specifically to use
TCP/IP protocols as found on the Internet) now supports QuickCam.
Since CU-SeeMe is also limited to 16 shades of grey, it's a match
made in heaven.
ftp://cu-seeme.cornell.edu/pub/video/
In addition, Connectix is working on QuickCard, a utility designed
to let people easily make multimedia greeting cards, complete with
audio and video from the QuickCam and other embellishments
provided by QuickCard.
A QuickCam certainly won't make you the next Fellini, but for
about a hundred bucks, it's an easy investment to justify even if
you just want to play around. For additional information about the
QuickCam on the Web, check out these sites:
http://www.engin.umich.edu/~friscolr/QuickCamtm/readme.html
http://www.indstate.edu/msattler/sci-tech/comp/hardware/quickcam.html
Information from:
Connectix
Cornell University
Reviews/16-Jan-95
-----------------
* MacWEEK -- 09-Jan-95, Vol. 9, #2
RAID systems -- pg. 31
COREarray 20000
La Cie Joule Array
Mega Drive MR/5
Mirror Precision 10
* InfoWorld -- 09-Jan-94, Vol. 17, #2
PaperPort 2.0 -- pg. 100
$$
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