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Sender: TidBITS - a newsletter for Mac users
From: "Adam C. Engst"
Subject: TidBITS#260/23-Jan-95
To: Multiple recipients of list TIDBITS
REPLY-TO: witch!tidbits.com!editors
ŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻŻ
TidBITS#260/23-Jan-95
=====================
Congrats to Peter Lewis for his MacUser award, corrections on
last week's GIF article, and an announcement from Microsoft
about a faster Word 6.0a start off this issue. Geoff and
Adam report on a road trip to Vancouver for Comdex/PacRim,
a heavy-duty Windows show. Geoff also has an in-depth review
of Chad Magendanz's ShrinkWrap 1.2, an indispensable disk
image utility. Finally, Adam explains URLs, those
ever-so-useful identifiers of Internet objects.
This issue of TidBITS sponsored in part by:
* APS Technologies -- 800/443-4199 --
Makers of hard drives, tape drives, and neat SCSI accessories.
For APS price lists, email:
* Northwest Nexus -- 206/455-3505 -- http://www.halcyon.com
Providing access to the global Internet.
* PowerCity Online -- <75361.532@compuserve.com> Email sales of
40,000+ items for Mac/PC. Send email with Subject: Order Info
Effective 23-Jan, international FedEx shipping reduced by 50%
* Hayden Books, an imprint of Macmillan Computer Publishing
Save 20% on all books via the Web -- http://www.mcp.com
Copyright 1990-1995 Adam & Tonya Engst. Details at end of issue.
Automated info: Comments:
--------------------------------------------------------------
Topics:
MailBITS/23-Jan-95
Comdex/PacRim
Image is Everything: ShrinkWrap 1.2
URLs 'R Us
Reviews/23-Jan-95
[Archived as /info-mac/per/tb/tidbits-260.etx; 30K]
MailBITS/23-Jan-95
------------------
**Congratulations** are in order for Australian developer Peter N.
Lewis (not the Peter Lewis who writes for the New York Times). At
Macworld Expo in San Francisco this year, MacUser Magazine awarded
him the Derek Van Alstyne Rising Star Award. This comes on the
heels of his Cool Tools award from Apple for Internet tool
development earlier this year, and it's great to see a shareware
developer receiving the recognition he deserves. [ACE]
http://www.ziff.com/~macuser/eddy_winners.html
**Take a Deep Breath: Word 6.0a** -- Last Friday, Microsoft
announced plans to release a free maintenance update for the
Macintosh version of Microsoft Word 6.0. The update will allegedly
address key performance problems (such as launch time, spell
checking, and type-ahead) and restore some features in Word 5.1
that are either absent or difficult to find in Word 6.0.
The update is to be made available by 30-Mar-95, although no
methods of distribution have been specified. When thinking about
that date, bear in mind that one of the Microsoft business
practices being investigated by the U.S. Department of Justice is
premature announcement of software products, followed by
significant slips. [GD]
http://king.tidbits.com/tonya/Word60aAnnounce.html
**MacUser and MacWEEK** have made their appearance on the World-
Wide Web. The MacUser home page contains selected articles from
the most recent issue, article archives, and links to Apple and
other Macintosh sites and resources. You'll find MacWEEK news,
archives and subscription information on the MacWEEK page. [ACE]
http://zcias3.ziff.com/%7Emacuser/
http://zcias3.ziff.com/%7Emacweek/
**Connection Machine WAIS Server Down** -- Unfortunately, due to
financial troubles, Thinking Machines has taken down the vastly
useful Connection Machine WAIS server, effective 27-Dec-94. The
data is all pretty much safe, so it's likely to appear again at
some other site in the future. In the meantime, the sources for
TidBITS, , Info-Mac Digest, the CIA World
Factbook, and others are not available. I'm talking with various
people about ways of making the Connection Machine sources
available once again, but until then, all I can say is to be
patient. The list of sources lost includes: [ACE]
CM-fortran-manual.src
CM-paris-manual.src
CM-star-lisp-docs.src
CM-tech-summary.src
CMFS-documentation.src
Connection-Machine.src
RSInetwork.src
bible.src
comp.sys.mac.programmer.src
fatfree-cookbook.src
info-mac.src
info-nets.src
macintosh-news.src
macintosh-tidbits.src
risks-digest.src
scsi-2.src
silent-tristero.src
sun-spots.src
usenet-cookbook.src
world-factbook.src
**Liam Breck** writes:
The Macintosh Client/Server Database Development Summary is an
overview I've written for developers and managers involved in the
evaluation, design, and construction of multi-user database
systems. It covers over 30 software tools for Macintosh and cross-
platform development in three categories:
* Client application development tools
development environments; visual and OO tools; 4GLs
* Data access layers
middleware for 3GLs, 4GLs and end-user apps
* Database servers
SQL servers; multi-user and local-access engines
The eight-page (20K ASCII text) document provides an explanation
of each category and a brief description of each product. Its
sources are vendors' product literature, industry periodicals, and
discussions with users and vendors' tech support staff. It is
purely informational and contains no propaganda. The current
revision is 1.2, released 12-Dec-94.
To receive a complimentary copy via email, send email to:
. Please give your name, organization,
and position in the body of the request message; no other text is
necessary. The summary is automatically emailed to the address
which sent the request. To specify a different address, put it in
the subject line of the message.
**GIF Gaffe** -- Our article on the recent Unisys/CompuServe GIF
fiasco (see TidBITS-259_) contained a few misstatements. First,
Unisys's patent on the LZW compression method was effective in
1985, not 1993 as stated in the article. Second, the TIFF file
format is not itself licensed from Unisys, but the LZW method used
in the TIFF format is licensed from Unisys.
Notwithstanding, the LZW compression format was first published in
June of 1984, calling into question Unisys's subsequent
application for a patent on the method. Also, while CompuServe can
be accused of many things, making a secret of LZW's use in the GIF
format is not one of them. It remains astounding that Unisys
overlooked the (increasingly widespread) GIF file format for seven
years.
CompuServe announced last week plans to serve as the coordinator
of a new "free and open" GIF24 standard. GIF24 will support 24-
bit, lossless compression and will presumably be free of
proprietary technology. [GD]
Comdex/PacRim
-------------
by Adam C. Engst
Last week, Geoff and I went on a road trip last week to Vancouver
for the Comdex/PacRim conference. Frankly, the trip was more an
excuse to go to Vancouver (a three hour drive) with our friend
Cary Lu and a friend of his, David Coder. Nevertheless, the show
proved interesting in a few ways that I thought I'd share. The PC
industry is tremendously fragmented. As much as I may complain
that the Macintosh industry has become rife with niche markets and
products only a professional could love, the PC market is an order
of magnitude more complex. That's appropriate, I suppose.
Probably the most interesting work being done in the PC hardware
world is with laptops, with everyone and their corporate brother
showing PC laptops with interesting and unique features. Despite
the number of different PC laptops we looked at, none (in our
eyes) beat the PowerBooks. Pointing devices in PC laptops still
universally stink, and even an Epson laptop that used a trackpad
was brought down by abysmal buttons and the fact that it wouldn't
work with just your fingertip: you had to lay your entire first
finger joint on the pad for it to recognize your presence. I'm not
too fond of the little joystick device IBM uses for its ThinkPads
(and I far prefer Apple's palmrest design for the keyboard), but
otherwise, the ThinkPads were extremely nicely designed.
Every show has an undercurrent, and to give you an idea of the
flavor of this one, the whispers we overheard dealt not with a
cool new product or service, but with the fact that Robin Williams
(the actor - you know, Mork), was present on the floor, just
walking around like a normal person. Geoff was taken with a
Dixieland trio playing at the Digital booth (we considered asking
them for an evaluation copy of a DEC Alpha). After seeing PCMCIA
cards for every function you could imagine, I decided the ultimate
absurd peripheral would be a PCMCIA-based UPS (Uninterruptible
Power Supply), perhaps autographed by both Robin Williams the
actor and Robin Williams the author.
Comdex/PacRim was definitely a Windows show. We were accosted by a
nice woman at the Claris booth who wanted to give us entries for
winning a copy of FileMaker Pro if we watched the demo, at which
point we asked, "Mac or Windows version?" She was taken aback and
said, "This is a Windows show," a bit huffily, to which we
replied, "Yeah, so?" Despite the Windows emphasis, Apple's booth
was heavily trafficked, and judging by the informal surveys of the
audience during demos, plenty of Mac users were present. Apple had
a specific station dedicated to Macintosh Internet usage, and the
Apple Canada guy there definitely knew his stuff.
Internet wannabes were out in full force, as they were at
Macworld, and we decided that if a product has anything to do with
networking, the word "Internet" will appear in its description.
Similarly, if a piece of software isn't entirely text-based,
"multimedia" appears as if by magic in the description, and any
game or program using animated graphics is now described as using
"virtual reality." Now, I suppose, we only have to wait until some
product's description wins the gold ring by incorporating all
three buzzwords. Right now, the closest product I can think of in
those terms is Outland's Internet-based game network, which has
plenty of non-text games for the "multimedia" tag, but doesn't
quite yet have the level of animated graphics necessary to claim
"virtual reality." Besides, the Outland folks are good Internet
citizens and wouldn't stoop to such tactics.
http://www.outland.com/
Image is Everything: ShrinkWrap 1.2
-----------------------------------
by Geoff Duncan
Anyone who's dealt with floppy disk images knows what a pain they
can be. The idea behind a disk image is simple enough: instead of
distributing or storing a floppy disk as a physical object, you
store it as a file on a larger disk. Admittedly, back in the days
of the 128K Macintosh (which came with a single 400K floppy disk
drive), this wasn't much of an issue. But as hard drives became
commonplace and capacities increased, the idea of storing floppy
disks as images became more practical and more necessary. Floppy
disks are still one of the principle ways in which software and
documents are distributed - after all, nearly every Macintosh has
a floppy drive, but the same can't be said of CD-ROM drives,
networks, or modems. As a result, people frequently use disk
images to back up application disks, to store or send exact copies
of floppies online, or (with compression) to pack a few 800K disk
images onto a single high-density floppy.
**DiskCopy, MountImage, and MungeImage** -- For years, images of
floppy disks have been hard to deal with and difficult to manage.
In the beginning, there was DiskCopy, a utility from Apple that
let you read and write floppy images. Using DiskCopy, you could
store a floppy on your hard disk as a file, then read that file
back out to a floppy disk any time you wanted. (DART is another
Apple utility that performs similar functions.) Although DiskCopy
is a reliable, bare-bones way to handle floppy images, it leaves a
lot to be desired. For instance, to look at or use the contents of
an image file, you had to find a floppy disk, copy the image file
to it, and then pop the floppy disk back into your drive in order
to see the files on it - a major nuisance. But DiskCopy is useful,
and Apple continues to distribute system software and software
updates in DiskCopy format.
ftp://ftp.apple.com/dts/utils/diskcopy-4-2.hqx
ftp://mrcnext.cso.uiuc.edu/pub/info-mac/disk/dart-153.hqx
Later, Apple introduced MountImage, a control panel that lets you
mount a DiskCopy image on your desktop as if it were a real disk.
This was a nice step forward: finally the floppy disk itself had
been eliminated from the equation, and you could peruse and change
the contents of a floppy disk image without having to mess around
with a physical floppy disk. Unfortunately, MountImage suffers
from a major bug that Apple has been open about: if your original
disk image file was fragmented (stored in more than one piece) on
your hard disk, MountImage can lose or destroy data in that image
and/or other files.
Roger Bates (author of DiskDup+) has offered a safe alternative to
MountImage for years, but unfortunately it's not widely available
or distributable (it's only available if you pay your shareware
fee). Eventually, in mid 1994, the inimitable Peter Lewis and
Quinn staged a rescue when they introduced MungeImage, a freeware
replacement for MountImage. Peter and Quinn implemented MungeImage
as a drag-and-drop application that didn't have extensions
conflicts or suffer from MountImage's file fragmentation problem,
but MungeImage has virtually no interface and only deals with
DiskCopy (and later DART) images. Because other applications do
their own flavors of disk images (DiskDup+, DropDisk, Norton's
Floppier, and MacTools' FastCopy to name a few), MountImage
doesn't provide a one-stop disk image utility solution.
ftp://mrcnext.cso.uiuc.edu/pub/info-mac/disk/disk-dup-plus-25.hqx
ftp://mrcnext.cso.uiuc.edu/pub/info-mac/disk/munge-image-120.hqx
**Enter ShrinkWrap** -- Now, you have to understand: Chad
Magendanz lives for disk images. He has waking dreams of row upon
row of 230 MB magneto-optical cartridges lining his home office,
all of them filled with backup images of all-too-vulnerable floppy
disks. Although pleased as punch about his MO drive, he found the
disk image situation in 1994 to be intolerable. Simply speaking,
it was a ton of trouble to deal with images, even with MungeImage.
Not being afraid of drivers or assembly language, Chad decided to
do something about the sorry state of affairs. So ShrinkWrap was
born.
Chad based early versions of ShrinkWrap on Peter and Quinn's
MungeImage driver and the germ of MungeImage's drag and drop
application interface. However, ShrinkWrap also took a hint from
Aladdin's StuffIt Expander and DropStuff utilities, adding power
and flexibility to its drag and drop capabilities. To mount disk
image files, just drag them to the ShrinkWrap icon: like magic,
floppies appear on your desktop. To make image files from disks,
drag those disks to ShrinkWrap's icon. Voila, image files
materialize. ShrinkWrap is also very careful with data; it
generates and confirms checksums of disk images for all formats it
supports.
But there were still problems. The MungeImage driver used by
ShrinkWrap mounted disk images in RAM. This meant that if you
wanted to mount a dozen disk images simultaneously (say, to
install a major application), you had to have enough free RAM to
hold a dozen disk images. This was a big problem for owners of
low-end (and even mid-range) machines.
ShrinkWrap 1.2 addresses these issues and more:
* Version 1.2 uses a new driver that uses both available RAM and
disk space to mount images. So if you have the memory to mount
dozens of floppies, great, ShrinkWrap will use it. But if you
don't, ShrinkWrap lets you use available hard disk space to mount
images. Although using the hard disk to mount images isn't as fast
as using RAM, it's considerably better than not being able to
mount them at all.
* ShrinkWrap now reads and writes a number of disk image formats,
including DiskDup+, DiskMaker, DropDisk (DOS Card drive
containers), Norton Floppier, and MacTools FastCopy
(uncompressed), in addition to DiskCopy and DART.
* ShrinkWrap integrates with StuffIt Expander and the StuffIt
Engine, which is distributed with Aladdin's shareware DropStuff
utility. This means ShrinkWrap can automatically decompress and
decode any format supported by these utilities, including BinHex,
StuffIt, Compact Pro, and gzip. So, you can use ShrinkWrap 1.2 to
download those compressed disk images Apple uses to distribute
system patches and updates, and to store disk images in a
compressed format. Also, the StuffIt Engine makes images compress
and decompress quickly, plus the images generally end up smaller
than those in other compressed image formats.
ftp://ftp.tidbits.com/pub/tidbits/tisk/util/stuffit-expander-352.hqx
ftp://ftp.tidbits.com/pub/tidbits/tisk/util/drop-stuff-with-ee-352.hqx
* ShrinkWrap has a new batch floppy mode that allows you to create
disk images or duplicate a disk image without doing anything but
feeding disks to your Mac - no mouse or keyboard action required.
This is handy for making multiple copies of a single disk, or for
archiving the mass of floppies that came with that latest bloated
commercial application. Although dealing with floppy disks is
never speedy, ShrinkWrap creates images and copies disks faster
than any other utility, including DiskCopy.
* Plus, did you ever have a need for an instant RAM disk? Just
drag a folder over to the ShrinkWrap icon. If it's smaller than
the default media type set in ShrinkWrap's preferences, ShrinkWrap
creates and mounts a disk image of that folder. This is handy for
files you need to have ultra-fast access to, and you don't have to
restart your Mac to get that RAM disk. Done? Just drag it to the
Trash.
Okay - so not everyone deals with disk images every day. In fact,
many Macintosh users may never deal with disk images at all. But
if you've ever wondered what to do with system updates issued by
Apple or if there are reliable ways to back up your original
floppy disks from commercial applications or other sources,
ShrinkWrap makes the world much simpler. If that doesn't convince
you, the ability to create instant RAM disks should appeal to
anyone doing graphics work or requiring rapid file access. To be
fair, ShrinkWrap has a few bugs (including a crashing problem with
MODE32), but for the most part these problems are innocuous - they
don't interfere with the majority of ShrinkWrap's uses. Finally,
ShrinkWrap is **freeware**. Just download and enjoy.
ftp://mrcnext.cso.uiuc.edu/pub/info-mac/disk/shrink-wrap-12.hqx
URLs 'R Us
----------
by Adam C. Engst
We've been using URLs in TidBITS for over a year now, and I don't
think an issue goes by without us pointing at some resource or
another with a URL. I wrote a little about URLs back when we first
started, but with our readership growing so quickly I think it's
worthwhile to talk about URLs some more. I've taken most of this
article from information I originally wrote for my Internet
Starter Kit for Macintosh, Second Edition.
URL generally stands for Uniform Resource Locator, although some
people switch "uniform" for "universal." Despite what I've heard
from one source, I have never heard anyone pronounce URL as
"earl;" instead, everyone I've talked to spells out the letters.
URLs constitute the most common and efficient method of telling
people where to find objects available via FTP, the World-Wide
Web, and other Internet services. I say "objects" because you can
specify URLs not only for files and Web pages, but also for
stranger things, such as email addresses, Telnet sessions, and
Usenet news postings. For example, this issue's ShrinkWrap article
ended with an FTP URL you can use to download ShrinkWrap.
A URL uniquely specifies the location of an object on the
Internet, using the three main bits of information that must be
used in order to access any given object. First is the type of
server making the object available, be it an FTP, Gopher, or
World-Wide Web server. Second comes the machine on which the
resource lives. Third and finally, there's the full pathname to
the object. This description is a slight oversimplification, but
the point I want to make is that URLs are an attempt to provide a
consistent way to reference objects on the Internet.
**Client/Server** -- If you see a URL that starts with "ftp" you
know the file specified in the rest of the URL is available via an
FTP server, which means you could use an FTP client, such as
Anarchie or Fetch, to retrieve it. If the URL starts with
"gopher", a Gopher client like TurboGopher could access the file
on the Gopher server in question. If the URL starts with "http",
it's on a Web server, so you might use a Web browser like MacWeb
or Netscape. Other server types used in URLs include "news",
"mailto", "telnet", and "wais", although they're less common than
FTP and Web URLs.
You can use a Web browser to access most of the URL types above,
although Web browsers are not necessarily ideal for anything but
information on the World-Wide Web itself. Web browsers work pretty
well for accessing files on Gopher servers, and via gateways to
WAIS databases, but FTP via a Web browser is clumsy (and may fail
entirely with certain types of files, such as self-extracting
archives).
**Machine** -- After the URL type comes a colon (:) and two
slashes (//). These characters separate the server type from the
second part of common URLs. This second part is the name of the
Internet machine that contains the object you're seeking. In some
rare circumstances, you may need to use a username and password in
the URL as well. A URL with a username and password might look
like this: ftp://username:password@domain.name/pub/
**Path** -- The last part of the URL gives the path to the
directory of the object you're looking for, and it may also give
the name of a specific file. This is separated from the machine
name by a slash (/). When used with WAIS or various other
protocols that don't simply point at files, the path may specify
other types of information. You don't have to specify the path
with some URLs, such as FTP or Gopher URLs, if you're only
connecting to the top level of the site.
If an FTP or Gopher URL ends with a slash, that means it points at
a directory and not a file. If it doesn't end with a slash, it may
or may not point at a directory. If it's not obvious from the last
part of the path, there's no good way of telling until you go
there. Since most Web servers enable the creation of some sort of
default.html or index.html file to be served in the absence of a
specific file in the URL, it's a bit less important for Web users
to realize whether or not they're specifying a file or a
directory.
**Using URLs** -- All of these details aside, how do you use URLs?
Your mileage may vary, but I use them in three basic ways. First,
if I see them in email or in a Usenet posting, I often copy and
paste them into Anarchie (if they're FTP URLs) or Netscape or
MacWeb (if they are other types). I do this because copying the
URL into the appropriate client is the easiest way to retrieve a
file or connect to a site with a MacTCP-based Internet connection.
In NewsWatcher 2.0b24 (and InterNews for FTP), you can simplify
the process by command-clicking URLs to have them resolved by the
appropriate FTP (Anarchie or Fetch), Gopher (TurboGopher 2.0b7),
or Web (MacWeb 1.00A3 or Netscape 1.0N) client program. MacWeb
1.00A3 can also use other programs to resolve URLs more
appropriately, and finally, the next version of Eudora (perhaps
only the commercial version) will sport this feature as well.
Sometimes I manually decode the URL to figure out which program to
use and where to go. This method takes more work, but sometimes
pays off in the end. You can put a screw in the wall with a
hammer, but it's not the best tool for the job.
Third and finally (and this is where you come in), when I want to
point someone at a specific Internet resource or file, I provide a
URL. URLs are unambiguous, and although a bit ugly in running
text, easier to use than attempting to spell out what they mean.
Consider the example below:
ftp://ftp.tidbits.com/pub/tidbits/issues/1995/TidBITS#260_23-Jan-95.etx
To verbally explain the information in that URL, I would have to
say something like: "Using an FTP client program, connect to the
anonymous FTP site . Change directories into the
/pub/tidbits/issues/1995/ directory, and once you're there,
retrieve the file TidBITS#260_23-Jan-95.etx."
Note that our long-time naming scheme with TidBITS isn't all that
Web friendly, since the # character has a specific meaning in Web
URLs. Stripping off the filename and hitting the directory
manually would always work, though, as would simply pasting that
URL into Anarchie or Fetch.
The URL enables me to avoid the convoluted (and boring) language
above; frankly, URLs are in such common use on the Internet you
might as well get used to seeing them now. And for those of you
who recommend files to get via FTP or sites to browse with a Web
browser, please use URLs since they make life easier for everyone.
If you try to retrieve a file or connect to a Web site and are
unsuccessful, chances are either you've typed the URL slightly
wrong, the server is down temporarily, or the file no longer
exists. If an FTP URL doesn't work, try removing the file name
from the last part of the URL and look in the directory that the
original file lived in for an updated file.
If, after all this, you'd like to learn more about the technical
details behind the URL specifications, check out:
http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/Addressing/URL/Overview.html
I find that URLs don't always work well for files stored on Gopher
servers, since Gopher allows spaces and other characters that URLs
don't accept. Thus, spaces are encoded in Gopher URLs with %20 to
indicate that there's a space there. Similarly, WAIS sources
usually are easier to refer to by name - using a WAIS client such
as MacWAIS makes it easy to use sources without worrying about all
the additional information in a URL.
Reviews/23-Jan-95
-----------------
* MacWEEK -- 16-Jan-95, Vol. 9, #2
Skyline/Satellite 1.0.1 -- pg. 30
PaperPort 2.0 -- pg. 32
TextureMaker 1.0 -- pg. 33
MacLinkPlus 8.0 -- pg. 33
* InfoWorld -- 16-Jan-94, Vol. 17, #2
Aldus HomePublisher 2.0 -- pg. 68
HP Color LaserJet -- pg. 87
Xerox 4900 Color Laser Printer -- pg. 87
Apple LaserWriter 16/600 PS -- pg. 103
Gryphon Batch It 1.0 -- pg. 103
StuffIt Deluxe 3.5 -- pg. 103
* Macworld -- Feb-95
Microsoft Word 6.0 -- pg. 52
Specular Collage 2.01 -- pg. 54
Apple Multiple Scan 15 Display; Multiscan 15sf, &
MultiSync 3V Monitor -- pg. 55
Photo Engine -- pg. 57
StreetSmart 1.0 -- pg. 59
ClarisWorks 3.0 -- pg. 61
Norton Utilities for Mac -- pg. 63
Art Explorer 1.0; Flying Colors -- pg. 65
Microsoft PowerPoint 4.0 -- pg. 67
SuperCard 1.7.1 -- pg. 68
Quicken 5.0 -- pg. 71
Norton DiskDoubler Pro 1.1 -- pg. 73
Joule System -- pg. 73
Medical HouseCall 1.0 -- pg. 75
Vistapro 3.0 -- pg. 77
Download Mechanic 1.0.2; Let'er RIP 2.0 -- pg. 77
MayaCalc 2.3.1; Maya Hieroglyphic Fonts -- pg. 79
MultiSpin 4Xe -- pg. 81
Data Desk 4.2 -- pg. 81
Grammatik 6 for Macintosh -- pg. 83
Survival Tools 1.0 -- pg. 83
RunShare -- pg. 85
VIP-C 1.5 -- pg. 85
TextureScape 1.5 -- pg. 87
Autoscore 1.0 -- pg. 87
Pixar Typestry 2.1 -- pg. 89
Kaboom 3.0 -- pg. 89
Innovative Image Editors -- pg. 112
Adobe Photoshop 3.0
Live Picture 1.5
Collage 2.0
Imagician 2.14
$$
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