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Snakes and Their Bites
Like most wild animals, snakes will attack only if they feel threatened or Cornered.
Since they are cold-blooded, snakes often like to bask in the sun. However, if it gets
very hot they will seek the shade of rocks, logs and leaves. Some snakes prefer swamps and
rivers. Although it helps to be able to distinguish poisonous snakes from nonpoisonous
ones, it's a good idea to avoid all snakes, just in case. The poison of most poisonous
snakes is rarely fatal, but the bitten limb could become permanently crippled if
professional treatment is not given promptly.
AVOIDING SNAKES
Keeping your distance from snakes is your best protection from bites. However, in the
event of a chance encounter while hiking, wear thick, high-ankled boots and long pants.
Stay on well-beaten paths and trails and never step on--or put your hand on--a surface you
can't see. If you do see a snake, even one you think is safe, stop and move out of its way
at least 20 feet. Poisonous snakes have also been found in suburban areas, so unless you
are familiar with their markings, don't assume all snakes found in your garden or backyard
are safe.
SNAKE BITE SYMPTOMS
A snake may bite and retreat so quickly that it is quickly hidden by leaves or rocks and
not even seen. There will be shock, severe pain, bruising or swelling around the one or
two puncture wounds. The victim may experience blurred vision, nausea, vomiting or
diarrhea. Eventually the person may also suffer breathing difficulties, seizures or
convulsions.
FIRST AID FOR SNAKE BITES
The snakebite victim should remain as motionless as possible. Movement or exertion
accelerates the spread of the poison. In fact, the victim should be carried, if possible,
to the ambulance or car for the trip to the hospital emergency department. Clean the bite
wound with water and keep the affected limb below heart level and immobilized by splints.
If professional medical help is more than two hours away, tie a cloth around the limb
about two inches above the bite or above any swelling. The band should be loose enough to
allow you to slip a finger underneath it. If the swelling spreads, keep moving the band
two inches above it. If there is no swelling, loosen the band about every 20 minutes for
about 30 seconds, and then retie it. The victim can drink fluids, but not alcohol. If
breathing stops, administer rescue breathing immediately.
Use a snakebite kit only if you've had practice using it and only if professional medical
help cannot be reached within several hours. Such kits usually include instruments for
minor surgery and venom suction, which can lead to complications in the wrong hands. Try
to remember the snake's markings for precise identification so the correct antivenin can
be administered.
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