 AFGHANISTAN - WARNING
 JULY 10, 1992

The Department of State strongly urges U.S. citizens to avoid travel to Afghanistan.  In spite of the recent change in government, a high level of civil instability and risk to personal safety prevails due to sporadic armed clashes among rival ethnic groups and political factions, and due to general lawlessness in many parts of the country.  Westerners remain vulnerable to politically and criminally-motivated attacks and violence, including robbery, kidnapping and hostage-taking.  Land mines are still prevalent throughout the countryside.
All personnel at the U.S. Embassy in Kabul were evacuated on January 31, 1989. 
              238
As a result, the U.S. Government is not in a position to provide consular protective services to U.S. citizens in Afghanistan.  In addition, no other diplomatic mission represents U.S. interests or provides consular services.
 No. 92-143
This replaces the travel advisory of April 6, 1992, and advises of the continuing risk of travel in Afghanistan due to the rivalries and armed clashes between various ethnic and political factions.
 ALBANIA - CAUTION
May 11, 1992The Department of State advises United States citizens to exercise caution in Albania.  Although the United States Embassy in Tirana is open, routine consular assistance to U.S. citizens in Albania is not yet available.  Services are limited to emergency assistance only. A limited appointment system for American citizenship and passport services began in January, 1992.  Immigrant and nonimmigrant visa services will not begin until renovation of the Consular Section is completed, possibly by summer, 1992.
               379
U.S. citizens must obtain visas for Albania prior to arrival. Failure to do so has led to travelers being denied entry into Albania.
Crimes against tourists (robberies, muggings, and pick-pocketings) are a growing problem in the region.  Visitors should be extremely cautious on all city streets, especially after dark, due to the high level of street crime.
Recent economic and political tensions in Albania have led to several large rallies and some violence.    U.S. citizens should avoid areas where demonstrations or other incidents are in progress.
Visitors should refrain from photographing or participating in such demonstrations.
              390 The U.S. Embassy in Tirana reports that credit cards and travelers checks are rarely accepted in Albania.  In addition, hotel accommodations are very limited and sometimes even confirmed reservations are not honored.
Medical care in Albania does not meet western standards.  There is a severe shortage of basic medical supplies.  No facilities for testing blood for HIV exist.  The Department strongly advises tourists in frail health not to visit Albania.
Adoptions:  U.S. citizens interested in traveling to Albania to adopt a child should be aware that the adoption process was suspended on March 13, 1992 until
              585
further notice.  The Albanian government intends to draft new legislation governing the international adoption process.
For emergencies involving American citizens in Albania, please contact the U.S. Embassy in Tirana at Rruga Labinoti 103, tel: (355)(42)32875 or the Citizen's Emergency Center at the State Department in Washington, D.C.  The telephone number is (202) 647-5225.
 No. 92-102
This advisory replaces the travel advisory dated January 31, 1992 and notes the rise in crime and new information on adoptions.
               69
              284
ALGERIA - WARNING
August 28, 1992
The Department of State advises U.S. citizens to defer all travel to Algeria.  Terrorist bombs exploded in Algiers on August 26th at the international airport and at the office of an international airline.  A third bomb was found and removed from another international airline office.  These developments indicate that foreigners may be subjected to violent incidents.  U.S. citizens currently in Algeria are advised to avoid all public gatherings and demonstrations, because they have the potential to turn violent unexpectedly.  U.S. citizens should take precautions to avoid terrorist attacks, and be alert to receiving unusual packages, finding evidence of tampering with their vehicles, or seeing
              422
anything out of the normal pattern of daily events.  They should cooperate fully with security forces at all times, and should remain in close contact with the U.S. Embassy in Algiers for additional specific instructions.
U.S. citizens currently in Algeria should avoid travel to the far southern region of Algeria.  Numerous incidents of banditry and assault involving foreigners have been reported.  Bandits have robbed, assaulted, kidnapped, and killed travelers in southern Algeria.  The government of Niger has closed the main crossing point between Niger and Algeria for security reasons.
U.S. citizens currently in Algeria are encouraged to register with and request current information from the American Embassy in Algiers (Tel. 60-14-25 or
              624
60-12-55).  U.S. citizens should be aware that only limited consular services are available at the U.S. Consulate in Oran due to reduced staffing.
No. 92-163
This replaces the advisory dated April 29, 1992, and advises U.S. citizens to defer all travel to Algeria.
               69
               924
There is currently no advisory in effect for Andorra.
               69

               94
ANGOLA - WARNING
April 9, 1992
The Department of State urges U.S. citizens to defer non-essential travel to Angola due to the continuing unsettled conditions in that country.  A cease-fire between forces of the Government of the People's Republic of Angola (GPRA) and the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) has been in effect since mid-May 1991 and is holding at present.  However, travel within Angola is still unsafe due to the presence of armed troops in the field, roadside bandits, and the many unexploded landmines which are still being removed from roads and footpaths.  In addition, there are severe shortages of accommodations, transportation, food, water, and utilities in Luanda and other
              214
cities throughout the country.
U.S. citizens in Angola should be aware that violent crime exists throughout the countryside.  Several European visitors were brutally murdered in January 1992 by roadside bandits.  Most roads outside of Luanda cannot be considered safe by night, and in many cases are even unsafe by day.  Travelers who must venture outside of Luanda should take appropriate security measures, including traveling in a convoy arrangement.  The Department of State strongly advises against any attempt at surface travel between Angola and neighboring countries.
A U.S. Liaison Office has been opened in Luanda, at Predio B.P.A., 11th Floor, Rua Alfredo Trony, although the U.S. does not recognize or maintain diplomatic
              223
relations with Angola.  Consequently, the U.S. has no consular personnel in Angola who can render assistance to Americans in distress.  No other country officially represents U.S. interests in Angola.
The GPRA maintains strict controls on the entry of foreigners into Angola, and visitors who cannot defer travel are advised that they must obtain Angolan visas before arrival.  Persons arriving without visas are subject to possible arrest or deportation.  Americans who must travel to Angola should scrupulously adhere to GPRA laws and regulations.  Currency should be exchanged only at officially authorized locations.
No. 92-77
              266This replaces the previous travel advisory dated August 1, 1991, to reflect the opening of the U.S.  Liaison Office.
               69
               925
There is currently no advisory in effect for Antigua and Barbuda.
               69

              292
ARGENTINA - CANCELLATION
June 26, 1992
The travel advisory issued March 13, 1992, regarding FAA security concerns at Ezeiza International Airport in Buenos Aires, is hereby cancelled.
               69

              708
ARMENIA - WARNING
March 26, 1992
Summary:  U.S. citizens planning to visit Armenia or the other former Soviet Republics should be aware that the region is undergoing profound political and economic change.  Because of continuing conflict, U.S. citizens should avoid travel to the Armenia-Azerbaijan border area, U.S. citizens should avoid demonstrations or other signs of political unrest, and should stay abreast of current developments, in order to react to evolving events.  Crimes against tourists are a growing problem and travelers should exercise the same precautions, especially in urban areas, as they would at home.  Tourists in frail health are strongly advised not to visit the region because of severe
              709
shortages of basic medical supplies.  Internal travel, especially by air, may be disrupted by fuel shortages and other economic difficulties.  End Summary
Ethnic and Political Unrest:  U.S. citizens should defer all travel to the border area between Armenia and Azerbaijan due to ongoing violence in the Nagorno-Karabakh province of Azerbaijan.  Armenia is presently undergoing a natural gas and transportation blockade which is causing severe food and medical shortages, frequent interruptions in electrical power, and shortages of transportation fuels.  As a result, disruptions of scheduled flights to and from the capital, Yerevan, are frequent.
Internal Travel Disruptions:  In addition to disruptions caused by the blockade,
              710
beginning in late 1991, many flights between the former Soviet Republics were delayed and in some cases canceled because of shortages of jet fuel.  Travelers should be prepared for long waits or for the possibility that their itineraries will have to be changed with little or no advance notice.
Visas:  At this time, all travelers to the former Soviet Union, including Armenia, must have a visa issued by a Russian embassy or consulate.  Travelers who do not have a visa cannot register at any hotel and will be required to leave the country immediately, via the route by which they entered the country.  U.S. citizens should contact the Russian Embassy in Washington (202/939-8916) or the Russian Consulate in San Francisco (415/922-6642) for current information on visa requirements.  U.S. citizens should obtain their visas in the U.S.; it can
              712
be difficult and time consuming to obtain a visa in a third country.
"Tips for Travelers to the U.S.S.R.":  U.S. citizens planning a trip to Armenia may wish to obtain a copy of the State Department's "Tips for Travelers to the U.S.S.R.," which is currently being revised.  Much of the information, however is still valid for the newly Independent States.  This pamphlet provides information about passport and visa requirements, recommended innoculations and vaccinations, health precautions, customs and currency regulations, crime and personal security and other matters of general interest. The pamphlet also contains specific information for dual nationals of the U.S. and the former U.S.S.R.  "Tips for Travelers to the U.S.S.R." can be ordered for $1.00 each from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office,
              713
Washington, D.C. 20402. Travelers should also check with Intourist (212/757-3884) or the State Department's Office of Overseas Citizen Services (202/647-5225) for current information before traveling.
Crime and Personal Security  Although officials in Armenia have expressed their readiness to cooperate with U.S. officials in the event of an emergency involving a U.S. citizen, communications and transportation can be slow and difficult.  Crimes against tourists (robberies, muggings and pick-pocketings) are a growing problem in the region.  Travelers should exercise the same caution -- even in social encounters -- that they would in the United States.
Medical care in the region does not meet Western standards.  There is a severe
              714
shortage of basic medical supplies including disposable needles, anesthetics and antibiotics.  Tourists in frail health are strongly advised not to visit.  The "Tips for Travelers to the U.S.S.R." contains additional information on health care in the region.
The U.S. has recently opened an Embassy in Yerevan, the capital of Armenia.  The Embassy is located in the Hotel Hrazdan, and is currently providing limited consular services to U.S. citizens in Armenia.  U.S. citizens in need of emergency services may contact the Embassy at 8852-215-1122.  All U.S. citizens visiting Armenia should register with the Embassy.
No. 92-68
              716This advisory replaces the travel advisory dated December 24, 1991, for the U.S.S.R., to warn U.S. citizens of concerns specific to travel in Armenia.                9
               926
There is currently no advisory in effect for Aruba.
               69
               927
There is currently no advisory in effect for Australia.
              930
              510
AUSTRIA - NOTICE
October 24, 1991
The Department of State has learned that Austrian Air flights 0S-703 from Vienna to Damascus, and 0S-704 from Damascus to Vienna, make an intermediate stop in Beirut.  American citizens should not board these flights because U.S. passports are invalid for travel to, in, or through Lebanon and may not be used for that purpose unless a special validation is obtained.  This prohibition exists because the situation in Lebanon is so dangerous that no U.S. citizen can be considered safe from terrorist acts.  Use of a U.S. passport for travel to, in, or through Lebanon may constitute a violation of 18 USC 1544, and be punishable by a fine and/or imprisonment.
              511 No. 91-205
              930
 AZERBAIJAN - WARNING
May 15, 1992
Department of State advises U.S. citizens to defer all travel to Azerbaijan until further notice.  The possibility for armed violence in the capital and other cities is high.  Recent political events in Azerbaijan, including the decision to cancel the June 7 elections, may spark armed resistance from forces opposed to newly-installed President Mutalivov.
All U.S. citizens who cannot avoid travel to Azerbaijan should register immediately upon arrival with the U.S. Embassy in Baku. The Embassy is temporarily located at the Hotel Intourist, and is currently providing limited
              542
consular services to U.S. citizens in Azerbaijan.  U.S. citizens in need of emergency services may contact the Embassy at 7-8922-917956.
 No. 92-105
This advisory replaces the travel advisory dated March 26, 1992, to reflect the possibility of armed conflict in Azerbaijan.
              930
              928
There is currently no advisory in effect for the Azores.
              930
              772
Bahamas - Caution
August 27, 1992
While the Bahamas were spared the brunt of Hurricane Andrew, the Department of State has authorized the voluntary departure of non-essential employees and dependents of U.S. government personnel from the Bahamas because of the potential for supply shortages and the disruption of essential services.
Commercial air travel from the Bahamas is heavily booked at this time.  Any U.S. citizens contemplating travel to or from the Bahamas should consider deferring that travel until they are able to confirm their travel and lodging arrangements.
              939U.S. citizens who are currently in the Bahamas should follow the instructions of local officials in the wake of the storm.
American citizen residents and tourists who wish to contact the U.S. Embassy in Nassau can reach the Embassy at the following number:  322-1181.
               787
There is currently no advisory in effect for Bahrain.
              580
               330
Bangladesh - Caution
June 3, 1992
U.S. citizens should be aware that public demonstrations, marches and labor strikes are widely-used mediums of political expression in Bangladesh, and that there is a potential for violence during these events.  In the recent past, particularly violent political incidents have occurred on university campuses.
Due to this potential for violence, U.S. citizens in Bangladesh should avoid public demonstrations and political gatherings, and should exercise caution if visiting university campuses.  U.S. citizens are encouraged to register their presence at the American Embassy, located on Madani Avenue, Baridhara, Dhaka,
              376
telephone 884700-22.
  No. 92-119
This replaces the previous travel advisory, dated November 29, 1991, and corrects the phone number of the U.S. Embassy in Bangladesh.
              580
               741
BARBADOS - NOTICE
April 22, 1992
Thousands of tourists visit Barbados annually, and the overwhelming majority experience no problems during their visit.  Until recently, Barbados has had little history of crime directed against tourists. However, incidents of purse snatching, pickpocketing, sexual assault, and armed robbery have increased, particularly in the capital city of Bridgetown and at the beaches.  Incidents have occurred in crowded areas and in broad daylight.
Visitors should be alert, taking the kind of precautions one would take in any city where crime is a problem.  The Department of State reminds U.S. citizen
              742
travelers of the following safety tips:
-  Leave cash and valuables in a hotel or cruise ship safe, or other secure place.  Do not carry a purse when walking.  Note:  U.S. passports and identity documents are an especially attractive target for thieves and should be protected.
-  Be wary when driving, especially in dark or isolated parts of Barbados, as there have been several incidents of roadblocks, armed robberies, and thefts from vehicles.  Park in well lighted areas.
-  Exercise caution when strolling on the beach or when visiting major tourist
              743
attractions.
If you encounter problems in Barbados, contact the Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy.  Current information on local conditions can also be obtained from the Section, which is located in the Alico Building in Cheapside, telephone number 431-0225.  To reach an officer of the U.S. Embassy in the event of an emergency after normal working hours, on holidays, or weekends, call 436-4950.
 No.  92-87
This is a new advisory issued to alert travelers to the increase in criminal activity in Barbados.
              580
5
               777
There is currently no advisory in effect for Belgium.
              580
6
               384
BELIZE - NOTICE
October 22, 1991
Thousands of tourists and business travelers visit Belize each year and the vast majority experience no problems during their stay. However, visitors to Belize should exercise caution to avoid becoming crime victims.  While the government of Belize is making efforts to improve security in Belize City and inland tourist sites, robberies and related assaults have increased.  Visitors are advised not to walk alone on city streets, especially at night.  Do not wear jewelry or carry valuables.  If traveling to a remote tourist site, travel in a group.
               504
The Department of State issues a pamphlet which provides general travel information for the area.  "Tips for Travelers to Central and South America" may be ordered for $1 each from the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402.
 No. 91-199
This is a new advisory issued to alert travelers to the potential of crime in Belize.
              580

              778
There is currently no advisory in effect for Benin.
              580
8
               779
There is currently no advisory in effect for Bermuda.
              580
 9
               780
There is currently no advisory in effect for Bhutan.
              580
1
               327
Bolivia - Warning
 September 2, 1992
The Department of State advises U.S. citizens to exercise caution when traveling in Bolivia.  While no foreign tourists have been injured or targeted by terrorists, there have been isolated terrorist incidents against American officials and resident missionaries over the past three years.  In August 1992, a Bolivian terrorist group announced its intention to renew terrorist attacks against U.S. targets in Bolivia.  The authenticity of this announcement is not known, but the threat of terrorist activity by this or other groups is considered a distinct possibility between August and November 1992.  Although not likely to be targeted, U.S. visitors should exercise caution and increase
              328
their security awareness while traveling in Bolivia.
U.S. citizens should avoid non-essential travel in the Chapare region between Santa Cruz and Cochabamba due to concerted anti-narcotics activities and the potential for violence.
U.S. travelers should be aware of the presence of cholera in almost all parts of the country.  Travelers should use only bottled water and beverages.  Vegetables and shellfish should be well cooked and all foods eaten while still hot.  All fruits should be peeled in the presence of the consumer.  Additional health information can be obtained from the Centers for Disease Control's international travelers hotline at 404-332-4559.
              404Upon arrival, U.S. citizens should seek the latest travel information and register with the Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy located on the 2nd floor, Tobia Building, Potosi Street, Corner Colon, La Paz at tel: 356-685.
 No. 92-165
This advisory replaces the advisory dated June 5, 1992 to alert U.S. citizens to the potential for increased terrorist activity, and to change the telephone number of the Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy.
              786

              731
Bosnia-Hercegovina - Warning
June 12, 1992
Although the U.S. Government recognized the independence of Bosnia-Hercegovina on April 7, 1992, the Department of State continues to warn U.S. citizens not to travel to Bosnia-Hercegovina at this time because of widespread fighting throughout the country. The Department of State strongly recommends that U.S. citizens in Bosnia-Hercegovina consider leaving the country as soon as safely possible.  A state of war resulting in deaths, destruction, food shortages and travel disruptions affecting roads, airports and railways make travel anywhere in the country extremely hazardous. In particular, the Department of State advises against travel to Sarajevo, Mostar and the religious shrine at
              734
Medjugorje, all of which are located in areas which have seen heavy fighting. Travelers should be aware that the U.S. recently suspended operations of the Yugoslavian national airline, JAT, in the United States.
The U.S. has not yet opened an Embassy in Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia-Hercegovina.  The USIS Information Center in Sarajevo is closed.  U.S. citizens experiencing difficulties in Bosnia-Hercegovina should contact the U.S. Embassy in Belgrade for assistance.  The U.S. Embassy is located at Kneza Milosa 50, tel. 645-655.  All U.S. citizens who remain despite this warning in Bosnia-Hercegovina are urged to register their whereabouts with the U.S. Embassy, including an emergency telephone number so that attempts can be made to contact them if necessary.
              754 No. 92-124
This replaces the travel advisory for Yugoslavia dated February 21, 1992 to reflect U.S. recognition of Bosnia-Hercegovina and to advise U.S. citizens that armed violence is widespread throughout the country.
              786
 There is currently no advisory in effect for Botswana.
              786

              516
BRAZIL - NOTICE
May 1, 1992
SUMMARY:  The Department of State advises U.S. citizens that although the threat of crime in Brazilian cities varies, it is particularly acute in Rio de Janeiro. U.S. travelers planning to visit Rio de Janeiro this summer should be aware that hotel and transportation facilities will be seriously overburdened from mid-May through mid-June by the demands of the UN Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED-92).  Finally, cholera has spread from the Amazon Basin region into northeastern Brazil.  End summary.
CHOLERA:  A substantial number of cholera cases have been reported, particularly
              517
in the Amazon Basin region and in northeastern Brazil. Although cholera poses no significant threat in major Brazilian cities at this time, U.S. travelers should take preventive health measures such as drinking only bottled mineral water, avoiding raw and undercooked food (especially shellfish and vegetables), and maintaining thorough hygienic practices.  For further information, contact the Centers for Disease Control's International Travelers Hotline on (404) 332-4559.
CRIME:  Thousands of people visit Brazil each year, and while most tourists and business travelers experience no problems, visitors should take precautions in major cities in order to minimize the danger of armed assault and theft.  In such instances, most injuries have occurred among armed robbery victims who resist.  Bring only essential valuables, do not carry large amounts of cash or
              518
expensive cameras, and do not wear expensive or flashy jewelry.  As much as possible, confine sightseeing activities to groups in well-lighted, frequently used areas, and avoid city buses.  Do not open your hotel or apartment door without first identifying the visitor.
The areas of greatest crime against foreigners in Rio are the most frequented and popular beaches and neighborhoods of Copacabana and Leme where street criminals, often youths, target tourists for armed robbery or theft.  The incidence of crime on those beaches is most common at dusk and during evening hours.  Discotheques, bars and nightclubs in these areas of Rio and similar establishments in some areas of other major cities are often the site of incidents and should be avoided.
              520UNCED-92:  There will be a severe shortage of hotel rooms in Rio de Janeiro during the United Nations Conference on environment and development (UNCED) between June 3 and June 14, 1992.  Some 30,000 foreign participants are expected at the largest conference ever held.  The Brazilian government has appropriated all the major hotels for foreign delegations.  Since this situation could result in forcing travelers to seek accommodations in areas where crime and the level of violence are significantly higher than in normal tourist areas, those who must travel to Rio during that period should ensure that their hotel reservations are confirmed and will be honored.  Additionally, airline reservations from Rio to all foreign destinations are virtually unavailable for the week immediately following the conference; therefore, U.S. travelers are
              625
urged to arrange their itineraries to avoid Rio during the critical period of May 25 through June 20, 1992.
VISAS:  U.S. citizens are reminded to obtain a valid Brazilian visa prior to entering the country.  U.S. citizens may also wish to obtain the publication entitled "Tips for Travelers to Central and South America," which is available for $1 from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402.
INFORMATION:  Upon arrival, U.S. citizens are urged to contact and register with the Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy or nearest Consulate.  The Embassy in Brasilia may be reached at 321-7272; the Consulate General in Rio de Janeiro at 
              637
292-7117; the Consulate in Porto Alegre at 226-4288; and the Consulate at Recife at 221-1412. Registration facilitates the providing of emergency services should it become necessary.
 No. 92-092
This advisory replaces the advisory of November 8, 1991, by providing information about the spread of cholera into the northeast of Brazil and the severe shortage of hotel space in Rio de Janeiro during UNCED-92 in June 1992. 5
               782
There is currently no advisory in effect for Brunei.
              580
               384
BELIZE - NOTICE
October 22, 1991
Thousands of tourists and business travelers visit Belize each year and the vast majority experience no problems during their stay. However, visitors to Belize should exercise caution to avoid becoming crime victims.  While the government of Belize is making efforts to improve security in Belize City and inland tourist sites, robberies and related assaults have increased.  Visitors are advised not to walk alone on city streets, especially at night.  Do not wear jewelry or carry valuables.  If traveling to a remote tourist site, travel in a group.
               504
The Department of State issues a pamphlet which provides general travel information for the area.  "Tips for Travelers to Central and South America" may be ordered for $1 each from the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402.
 No. 91-199
This is a new advisory issued to alert travelers to the potential of crime in Belize.
              580
 There is currently no advisory in effect for Benin.
              580
               779
There is currently no advisory in effect for Bermuda.
              580
               780
There is currently no advisory in effect for Bhutan.
              580
1
               180
Cambodia - Warning
February 7, 1992
Summary.  The Department of State advises U.S. citizens to defer non-essential travel to Cambodia.  Recent anti-government demonstrations have turned violent, resulting in several deaths. While demonstrators apparently are not targeting U.S. citizens, travelers may inadvertently get caught up in a demonstration or riot.  Moreover, the United States Mission in Phnom Penh can only provide very limited emergency consular services to U.S. citizens. The U.S. Mission is unable to perform non-emergency consular services.  As a result of the recently-signed Comprehensive Political Settlement of the Cambodian conflict, the U.S. Government has lifted its embargo against Cambodia, thus permitting travel and
               98
other commercial transactions with Cambodia.  The state of Cambodia recently announced the suspension of adoptions of Cambodian orphans by foreign citizens.  U.S. citizens considering travel to Cambodia for adoption purposes should defer those plans until further notice. End Summary.
U.S. citizens should defer all non-essential travel due to sporadic military operations and widespread banditry in Cambodia.  Many areas of the country, including the area surrounding the main tourist attraction at Angkor Wat, are unsafe.  Another potential tourist attraction, the Phra Viharn temple ruins, located on the border with Thailand, is in an area that is heavily mined.
Cambodia has recently banned, with few exceptions, the adoption of Cambodian
               99
orphans by foreign citizens.  The state of Cambodia Council of Ministers issued a directive on March 25, 1991, which suspended adoption of Cambodian children through foreign agencies. On August 12, 1991, a second directive likewise suspended adoptions by private individuals of foreign nationality.  Phnom Penh authorities may permit adoptions by foreigners to proceed in those few cases that were already under consideration in Cambodia before the August 12 decree was issued.  The Department of State recommends that persons planning to visit Cambodia for the purpose of finding a child for adoption defer such travel plans indefinitely.
Dual Citizenship:  U.S. citizens who were born in Cambodia or who were at one time citizens of Cambodia, and the children of such persons, may, under
              147
Cambodian laws, be considered dual nationals and may, therefore, be subject to laws pertaining to Cambodian citizens. These laws may impose special obligations upon Cambodian nationals, e.g., military service, taxes, etc.
U.S. travelers who must travel to Cambodia should carry only U.S. passports with the proper visa affixed.  U.S. passports are valid for travel to Cambodia.  Under no circumstances should U.S. citizens accept travel documents that identify them as citizens of Cambodia. Specific questions on dual nationality may be directed to the Office of Citizens Consular Services, Department of State, Washington, D.C. 20520.
U.S. Embargo Against Cambodia Lifted:  Effective January 3, 1992, in conjunction
              167
with the implementation of the recently-signed Comprehensive Political Settlement of the Cambodian conflict, the U.S. Government lifted the trade embargo against Cambodia.
This removes all mandatory restrictions on exports, imports, financial transactions (other than the continued freeze on blocked accounts), and telecommunications and travel occurring after January 2, 1992.  The lifting of the embargo permits U.S. travel agents to book travel to Cambodia.  This does not unblock the assets within U.S. jurisdiction of the government of Cambodia or Cambodian nationals blocked as of January 2, 1992.  Pending the publication of new export control regulations, however, exporters are still required to apply to the Department of Commerce for authorization to export.
              171For further information concerning blocked assets as of  January 2, 1992, contact the Blocked Assets Division (tel. 202/535-4026), Office of Foreign Assets Control, Department of Treasury, Washington, D.C. 20220.
 No. 92-018
This replaces the advisory dated December 27, 1991, to reflect the suspension of adoptions of Cambodian orphans by foreigners, and recent changes in U.S. Treasury regulations.
               70

              377
CAMEROON - Warning
February 21, 1992
The Department of State advises U.S. citizens to defer non-essential travel to Cameroon during the time surrounding the legislative elections scheduled for March 1, 1992.  The government of Cameroon may put into effect internal security measures to ensure public order during the election period, between February 27, 1992 to March 3, 1992.  Disputes in late January between the government and opposition parties concerning the upcoming elections precipitated communal violence in the far north province, resulting in hundreds of deaths and injuries.  Additional disruptions of public order may occur as the elections draw near or as a result of their outcome.  While non-Cameroonians are not
              332
likely to be the targets of politically-motivated attacks, any large public gathering has the potential to degenerate into a confrontation with inherent dangers to innocent bystanders.  U.S. citizens are strongly encouraged to avoid political rallies, demonstrations or large public gatherings.
U.S. citizens who must travel are warned that banditry along highways is an increasing problem in many areas of the country, including the major cities and towns.  U.S. citizens should avoid rural highway travel at night.  Security forces have established checkpoints throughout the country in an effort to control banditry. Failure to stop a vehicle when so requested could have life-threatening consequences.
               378
U.S. citizens should also exercise caution when taking photographs anywhere in Cameroon.  While not officially forbidden, security officials are sensitive about the photography of government buildings and military installations, many of which are unmarked. Photography of these subjects may result in seizure of photographic equipment by Cameroon authorities.  U.S. citizens are advised to seek prior permission of Cameroonian authorities before taking a photograph of a specific subject or location.
U.S. citizens who must travel to Cameroon are urged to contact the U.S. Embassy or the Consulate immediately upon arrival to register their presence and to receive updated security information.  The Embassy is located in Yaounde on Rue Nachtigal, tel: 222589 or 234014.  The Consulate in Douala is located at 21
              614
Avenue du General De Gaulle, tel: 425331.
 No. 92-030
This replaces the previous travel advisory dated January 23, 1992, to advise U.S. citizens to defer non-essential travel in Cameroon during the period surrounding the March 1, 1992 legislative elections.
               70
               590
CANADA - NOTICE
April 9, 1992
"Rendezvous 92" in Western Canada:  1992 marks the 50th anniversary of the building of the Alcan Highway, now known as the Alaska Highway.  The Yukon territory is commemorating the event with a series of highly publicized celebrations throughout the year as part of its "Rendezvous 92" celebration.  U.S. travelers to "Rendezvous 92" should be aware of the need for advance planning to make their trip to the Far North a success.
The Yukon:  The Yukon may be considered frontier territory in many areas.  Facilities for car repair, while generally adequate, may sometimes be limited
              568
outside the larger communities.  Because of the distances from major population centers, the cost of food, gasoline, and lodging often runs higher than in the continental United States.
The Highway:  The 1500 mile Alaska (formerly the Alcan) highway starts in Dawson Creek, British Colombia, and runs north and west through Fort St. John and Fort Nelson to the Yukon Territory towns of Watson Lake, the capital city of Whitehorse and onward into Fairbanks, Alaska.  For most of its length, it is a two or four lane divided highway.  Most of it is in good condition and previously rough sections have been repaired for the celebrations.  The highway runs through some spectacularly beautiful areas, but much of the area is sparsely inhabited.  Gas stations are spaced an average of 60 miles apart.
              569Lodging:  A full range of camping and motel lodging can be found in the Yukon.  Further away from population centers, however, travelers can expect facilities to be basic.  Several new motels and campgrounds are opening this year, but travelers are advised to have reservations -- particularly during the peak month of July.  It might be wise to plan travel either a little earlier or a little later than peak season, e.g., late May or early September.
Medical Care:  The longest stretch between medical facilities is approximately 150 miles.  As with car repair, medical facilities are limited outside of population centers.  As in many foreign countries, most hospitals and clinics will insist on payment before discharge.  While some (but not all) now accept
              591
Visa or Mastercard, most will not wait for payment from insurance companies.Problems with collecting bills from Americans have made medical institutions increasingly cautious.
Insurance:  Travelers should check to make sure their medical and auto insurance covers them while in Canada.  In many instances a supplemental policy is required.
Firearms:  While not limited to the Yukon, all travelers to Canada should keep in mind Canada's extremely strict laws regarding firearms.  In general, handguns
              593
are not permitted in Canada. Canadian law requires that officials must confiscate guns from anyone crossing the border who denies having a gun in his/her possession.  The confiscated guns are never returned.  It is possible to take hunting rifles into Canada under certain circumstances.  Anyone considering it should contact the nearest Canadian consulate in advance for detailed information and instruction.  In all cases, travelers should declare any firearms in their possession to Canadian customs authorities when entering Canada.  If the traveler is denied permission to bring the firearm into Canada, in many cases there are facilities near the border crossing where firearms could be surrendered and stored pending the traveler's return to the U.S.
Information:  For further information/assistance, U.S. citizens traveling to
              594
"Rendezvous 92" may contact the Consular Section of the U.S. Consulate General at 1095 West Pender St., Vancouver, Canada V6E 2M6 at tel: 604-685-4311.
 No. 92-74
This advisory replaces the advisory dated February 13, 1992, to rescind the section on Meningitis in Eastern Canada per the Centers for Disease Control's Advisory Memorandum No. 100.
               70

              297
There is currently no advisory in effect for Cape Verde.
               70
There is currently no advisory in effect for the Cayman Islands.
               70
              246
CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC - CAUTION
May 29, 1992
Summary:  The Department of State advises U.S. citizens to exercise caution when traveling to the Central African Republic [C.A.R.]. Although there are no specific threats directed at American citizens and bandit attacks have abated, the possibility of social unrest and random criminal violence exists.  Caution should be used when taking photographs.  End summary.
The public protests that occurred in the C.A.R. in 1991 have largely ended, and the few demonstrations that occurred in 1992 were small and non-violent.  Nonetheless less, U.S. citizens should avoid traveling in any areas of Bangui,
              468
the capital city, where demonstrations or rallies are taking place.
There have been no reported highway bandit attacks on foreigners in recent months.  Rumored bandit activity in the northern parts of the C.A.R. and near the western town of Carnot have not been confirmed. However, U.S. citizens should exercise extreme caution when traveling by road in these areas.
Travelers are also advised to exercise caution when taking photographs anywhere in the C.A.R., particularly in Bangui.  Taking photographs of police or military installations, as well as government buildings, is prohibited.  Such buildings and installations are often unmarked, but unauthorized photography may result in seizure of photographic equipment by Central African authorities.  Travelers
              560
should seek prior permission before photographing a particular subject or location.
U.S. citizens should also be careful when walking or riding in cars in Bangui.  There have been numerous confirmed reports of thieves attacking pedestrians and automobile passengers riding in cars with the windows open.  Particular care is needed in the downtown area, the central market area, and the kilometer 5 neighborhood northwest of downtown.  U.S. citizens should visit these areas only in groups, and avoid them entirely at night.
U.S. citizens are urged to register their presence  with the consular section of the U.S. Embassy in Bangui upon arrival in the country.  The Embassy is located
              561
on Avenue President David Dacko, telephone 61-02-00, 61-25-78, and 61-43-33.
 No. 92-114
This replaces the travel advisory dated December 5, 1991, and advises that civil unrest and banditry have abated, but that crime remains a problem.
               70
Chad - Warning
April 16, 1992
The Department of State advises U.S. citizens to defer all non-essential travel to Chad.  Since October, armed clashes between opposing military factions and inter-ethnic violence have occurred in Ndjamena, the easter part of the country, the central Geura Hills, and north of Lake Chad.  These clashes have resulted in the killing of innocent civilians, and an increase in looting and vehicle theft. Although the most recent violence is under control, and the authorized departure status for the U.S. Embassy has been lifted, there is a very real possibility that violence could erupt again.
               175
The crime rate in Chad had increased.  Pickpockets and purse snatchers are a problem in market and commercial areas.  Vehicle thefts increase in times of political instability, as do breaking and entering of homes.
Chad's northern provinces bordering Libya constitute a military zone, and remain heavily mined.  Travel to these areas is prohibited.  Elsewhere in Chad, conditions vary widely from week to week.  Travel outside of Ndjamena should be regarded as hazardous, and should not be undertaken except with consultation with the U.S. Embassy.  Under no circumstances should overland travel be undertaken after dark.
All U.S. citizens who are unable to defer travel to Chad are urged to register
              253
with the U.S. Embassy upon arrival.  The U.S. Embassy is located on Avenue Felix Ebouye.  The U.S. Embassy telephone numbers, operational 24 hours per day, are 51-62-18 and 51-40-09.
 No. 92-081
This replaces the travel advisory issued on January 17, 1992, and advises U.S. citizens to defer all non-essential travel to Chad, and of the lifting of authorized departure status for U.S. Embassy employees.
               70
8
               202
CHILE - CAUTION
 July 10, 1992
The Department of State recommends that U.S. citizens exercise caution when traveling in Chile.  Although Americans can expect to visit Chile without incident, bombings and other violent acts directed against the Mormon Church or other institutions identified with the United States continue to occur.
CRIME:  U.S. visitors should take the following precautions to lessen their chances of becoming victims of crime:
- When in downtown Santiago, avoid wearing expensive or expensive-looking
              337
jewelry.  Women should grip their purses securely. Men should carry their wallets in a front trouser pocket.
- Do not walk in the downtown area after dark, even for short distances in well-traveled areas.  Take a taxi.
- In Santiago, as in other large cities, pickpockets thrive on rush hour crowding on the street and aboard public transportation.  Stay alert to your surroundings.
ADOPTIONS:  Parliamentary consideration of a new Chilean adoption law may cause serious delays in the processing of adoption cases. Families considering
              532
adoption are urged to contact the Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy before traveling to Chile.
U.S. citizens should seek the latest travel information and register with the Consular Section of the Embassy, located in Santiago at Merced 230, Tel: 671-0133.
 No. 92-141
This advisory replaces the travel advisory of November 20, 1991 by providing information on the adoption process in Chile.
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9
               160
CHINA - CAUTION
July 23, 1992
The Department of State advises U.S. citizen travelers to China that there are over 700 cities and areas in China open to visitors without special travel permits, including most major scenic and historical sites.  However, visitors should be aware that Chinese Government regulations prohibit travel in certain areas without special permission.  In particular, Americans wishing to visit Tibet must apply in advance for approval from the Tourism Administration of the Tibetan Autonomous Region.  For more information, travelers should contact the nearest Chinese Embassy or Consulate, or, while in China, contact the American Embassy or nearest American Consulate General.
              150Americans visiting China should ensure that all passports and visas are current. Chinese authorities have requested the departure of certain individuals who they claimed exceeded the terms of their visitors' visas.  Visitors should exercise precautions to safeguard passports and other valuables.  Extra care is recommended in crowded areas such as markets, airports, and train stations.
Americans should be cautious about carrying into China documents, literature, and letters which might be regarded as objectionable by Chinese authorities.  Authorities have seized what they deem to be religious, pornographic, and political materials, and have detained and expelled certain individuals who they claim engaged in proselytization or improper political activities.
              151Americans who will have an extended stay in China are strongly urged to register with the American Embassy in Beijing (1) 532-3831, or with the American Consulates General in Shanghai (21) 433 -6880, Guangzhou (20) 886-2418, Shenyang (24) 29000, or Chengdu (28) 582222 upon arrival in China.  Resident Americans should notify the Embassy or Consulates General whenever they change their addresses in China.
American citizens who plan to live in China are urged to contact Chinese customs officials concerning regulations and procedures governing items which may be brought into the country.  Students may bring into China only those items which are considered necessary for study and daily life, and the list of such items is
              156
limited.  Some Americans resident in China have been required to pay customs duty on certain large items each time they temporarily depart China, if required procedures were not followed when the items were originally brought in.
 No. 92-148
This replaces the previous travel advisory issued December 3, 1991. It notes an increase in the number of cities open to visitors, recommends extra caution in safeguarding passports and valuables, (especially in crowded areas), and makes suggestions to prospective residents concerning regulations on importation of certain items.
               70
 COLOMBIA - WARNING
 July 29, 1992
Summary:  The Department of State warns U.S. citizens to exercise extra caution when traveling to Colombia.  The recent escape from a Colombian prison of several drug traffickers has increased the threat to U.S. Government interests in Colombia.  The U.S. Embassy is limiting travel to Colombia by U.S. Government personnel only to essential travel.  While many U.S. citizens who visit Colombia do so without incident, some parts of the country (listed below) are dangerous and travelers should defer all travel to those areas due to guerrilla and criminal activities.  Guerrillas have recently bombed foreign-owned businesses.  Power cutbacks have resulted in extensive blackouts, with a resultant rise in
              359
violent crime.  The Galeras Volcano near Pasto, Narino Department is active.  End Summary
General Security:  Several terrorist/guerrilla groups are active throughout the country.  Guerrillas are believed responsible for recent bombings of U.S. and foreign-owned companies and banks. Colombian authorities expect the bombing campaign to continue. Kidnapping for ransom or political purposes is an ongoing threat in Colombia, and U.S. citizens have been held for ransom or for political purposes.  Although temporary visitors have rarely been the targets of violence, caution should be exercised to avoid becoming a victim of random crime.  Visitors should avoid remote areas, take precautions against street crime in major cities, and use only official taxis.  Due to a drought, the entire country
              411
is experiencing severe daily and nightly power outages.  Serious crimes (such as homicide, rape, assault and kidnapping) have greatly increased since these blackouts began.  U.S. citizens should contact the U.S. Embassy or Consulate for up-to-date security information.
Recommended Precautions:
-- Rural land travel and land travel by night should be avoided. Due to frequent attempts at extortion and kidnappings on rural public transportation, U.S. citizens should in particular avoid travel by bus.
-- Visitors should be on guard against common criminals in major cities,
              419
especially in the vicinity of hotels and airports.
-- In airports, visitors should guard against theft of hand luggage and travel documents.  Illegal taxis, which are sometimes characterized by two drivers and irregular markings, are dangerous. Most airports and hotels have official taxi queues.
Dangerous Departments/Areas:  Travel to the following unsafe areas should be avoided or only undertaken after consultation with the Embassy or Consulate:
- Colombia east of the Andes (except the cities of Villavicencio in Meta Department and Leticia in the Amazonas Department and adjacent tourist areas in
              501
Amazonas). - All of Antioquia Department, including the city of Medellin. - Most of the north coast, except for the major tourist areas such as Santa Marta, Barranquilla, Cartagena, and San Andres. - The northern half of Choco Department, particularly the Uraba region, except for the tourist area of Capurgana - The Magdelena Medio region:  The Magdelena river valley south to Tolima, including western Boyaca, eastern Caldas, and northwestern Cundinamarca. - Rural Valle de Cauca Department and most of the Cauca river valley, including the cities of Cali and Buenaventura, and the road between Cali and Buenaventura. - Tolima Department south of Espinal.  Road travel should be restricted to daylight hours. - Road travel in Huila and Cauca Departments.  The cities of Neiva and Popayan are safe but should be reached by air only.
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Those cities/areas not listed above are considered generally safe to visit.  However, U.S. citizens are encouraged to contact the U.S. Embassy or Consulate for specific up-to-date information.
Galeras Volcano:  U.S. travelers should be aware that the Galeras Volcano, located near the city of Pasto, Narino Department, is active.  Colombian government agencies are closely monitoring the volcano's activity.
Additional Information:  U.S. citizens should seek the latest travel information and register with the American Citizen Services Unit of the U.S. Embassy in Bogota, Calle 38 No. 8-61, at 285-1300 [ext. 206, 215] or with the U.S. Consulate in Barranquilla, Calle 77, Carrera 68, Centro Comercial Mayorista, at
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457-088. Registration facilitates the provision of any emergency services that may be required.
  No. 92-151
This replaces the advisory dated July 10, 1992, to reflect the increased threat to U.S. Government interests as a result of the escape from prison of a major Colombian drug trafficker and to delete information on cholera, which no longer poses a threat to travelers.               345
There is currently no advisory in effect for the Comoros Islands.               573
CONGO - CAUTION
July 20, 1992
The Department of State advises U.S. citizens to exercise caution when traveling to the Congo.  Although the situation remains outwardly calm, tensions in the recently-named transition government have created the possibility of civil disturbances in Brazzaville, the capital.  Elections scheduled for June have been postponed to mid-August at the earliest.  Visitors should be aware that they may be caught up in mass demonstrations, which may obstruct normal services, including airport operations.
Travelers to the Congo should register upon arrival with the Consular Section of
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the U.S. Embassy in Brazzaville, on Avenue Amilcar Cabral, B.P. 1015, telephone 83-20-70.
 No. 92-146
This advisory replaces the previous advisory, issued March 18, 1992, to advise caution due to the possibility of civil disturbances in Brazzaville, and to inform of the postponement of elections.               489
There is currently no advisory in effect for the Cook Islands.               500
There is currently no advisory in effect for Costa Rica.               736
Cote D'Ivoire - Notice
April 17, 1992Summary:  The Department of State advises U.S. citizens to be aware of increasing crime in the principal towns and cities of Cote D'Ivoire.  Robbery, burglary, and automobile theft are the most common offenses.  Armed criminals have used force when faced with resistance.  End summary.
While most tourist and business travelers in Cote D'Ivoire experience no problems, street crime of the "grab and run" variety and pickpocketing in crowded areas have increased.  Travelers should carry only photocopies of key
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documents, leave originals in the hotel safe, limit the amount of cash or travelers checks on their person, and avoid displaying jewelry and expensive cameras.
Travelers to the capital city, Abidjan, should exercise special caution after dark in the Treichville area and in the Plateau business district.  Many hotels, restaurants, nightclubs and supermarkets provide security guards to escort and protect clients and their vehicles; be particularly alert when visiting places which do not provide such service.  Pedestrians are advised to avoid using the De Gaulle and Houphouet-Boigny bridges, even during the day.
Direct or indirect request for bribes from police and other security officials
              738
are commonplace, especially at highway checkpoints and near Abidjan's Port Bouet Airport.  Drivers should strictly obey traffic regulations, and carry their automobile registration, driving permit, and insurance papers to avoid unnecessary difficulties.
All U.S. citizens, particularly those living or traveling outside the capital, are encouraged to register with the American Embassy's Consular Section.  The U.S. Embassy is located at 5 Rue Jesse Owens, near the Stadium in the Plateau Section of Abidjan.  Telephone: 21-09-79, FAX: 22-32-59.  The Consular Section is open to the public Monday through Friday, 8 - 12:30 and 1:30 - 3:30.  Emergency calls are taken 24 hours a day.
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No. 92-087               756
Croatia - Warning
June 12, 1992
The Department of State strongly advises U.S. citizens not to travel to certain areas of Croatia.  Because of continued sporadic fighting along the borders with Serbia and Bosnia-Hercegovina.  U.S. citizens in those areas should consider leaving as soon as safely possible.  U.S. citizens in regions of Croatia designated as U.N. protected areas, certain parts of Slavonia, the Dalmatian Hinterland and the southern Adriatic coast should consider leaving as soon as safely possible.
The situation in the capital city of Zagreb, the area north of Zagreb and the
              757
Istrian Peninsula has stabilized.  However, the potential for violent incidents exists.  All U.S. citizens considering travel outside the areas listed as stable should contact the U.S. Consulate in Zagreb for the latest information about specific regions of Croatia.
The U.S. Consulate in Zagreb is located at Andrije Hebranga 2, tel. 444-800.  It is operating with a reduced staff, although dependents of U.S. officials have been authorized to return.  American citizens who stay in Croatia despite this warning should register with the U.S. Consulate.  Attempts will be made to contact American citizens if the situation deteriorates.
Travelers should be aware that the U.S. recently suspended operations in the
              758
U.S. of JAT, the Yugoslav national airline.  Other airlines continue to operate into and out of Zagreb, and rail and other links are still open.  However, travel into and out of certain areas of Croatia is difficult.
 No. 92-125
This travel advisory replaces the one for Yugoslavia dated February 21, 1992, to reflect U.S. recognition of Croatia, and to advise U.S. citizens to defer travel to certain parts of Croatia.               216
CUBA - CAUTION
November 5, 1991
Summary.  The Department of State advises U.S. citizens that all persons subject to U.S. jurisdiction must be licensed before engaging in Cuba-related financial transactions.  There is a $500 limit on funds that can be paid to the Cuban government for travel to Cuba.  Dual U.S.-Cuban nationals should be aware that they are treated and considered solely as Cuban nationals by the government of Cuba.  U.S. citizens who travel to Cuba should contact and register with the U.S. Interests Section, Embassy of Switzerland, Calzada between L&M, Vedado, Havana, TEL: 320551 or 320543 upon their arrival.  End Summary.Press <CR>
for more !
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Transportation and communication within Cuba, including Havana, can be extremely difficult.  Telephone service within Cuba and between Cuba and the United States is very poor.  A traveler needing to communicate quickly by telephone, even within the same Cuban city, should expect lengthy delays in getting telephone calls through.  It can take several days for an international  call to or from the United States, and in many cases such calls cannot be completed at all.  It may therefore be very difficult for the U.S. Interests Section in Havana to assist distressed Americans should an Emergency arise.
Travelers are also advised that due to the deteriorating economic situation in Cuba, robberies, including those resulting in injuries, are increasing.  Even the low budget traveler has many items, including currency, which are not
              136
available in Cuba and which are attractive to thieves.
The Cuban government prohibits currency exchange except at the official rate and at government offices.
The U.S. Interests Section is the first and last source of assistance for Americans dealing with potentially complicated exit permission arrangements and stringent customs and currency regulations.  There are no parallel service organizations, such as travel agencies or international bank transfer arrangements.  Social service organizations such as the Salvation Army do not exist.
               450
Dual Nationals: Dual U.S./Cuban nationals are strongly urged to seriously consider the following problems when making a decision to travel to Cuba.  The government of Cuba considers all Cuban-born U.S. citizens to be solely Cuban citizens.  The Cuban government does not recognize the right or obligation of the U.S. government to protect dual U.S./Cuban citizens and has consistently denied U.S. consular officers the right to visit incarcerated dual U.S./Cuban nationals in order to ascertain their welfare and proper treatment under Cuban law.
Dual U.S./Cuban nationals may be subject to a range of restrictions and obligations, including military service, in Cuba.
               451
Dual U.S./Cuban nationals are required by Cuban law to enter and depart Cuba using Cuban passports.  Using a Cuban passport for this purpose does not jeopardize one's U.S. citizenship; however, such persons must use their U.S.passports to enter and depart the U.S. and to transit any countries en route.
Cuban assets control regulations:  The U.S. Department of the Treasury's Cuban Asset Control Regulations, effective May 15, 1982, require that persons subject to U.S. jurisdiction be licensed to engage in any transactions related to travel to and within Cuba. Failure to comply with these regulations could result in prosecution upon return to the United States.
               453
Travel is authorized under a general license for the following purposes:
--Official travel by government official or by an official of any intergovernmental organization of which the U.S is a member; --Travel for reunification of close relatives living in Cuba (family visits); --Travel by certain professional researchers; and --Travel by news media personnel.
Travelers who fall in the above categories do not need to obtain Treasury Department approval for their travel transactions.  They should, however, insure that the purpose of the visit clearly falls within the categories listed above.
Travel may be authorized under specific licenses to persons wishing to travel
              454
for other humanitarian reasons or for participation in public exhibitions or performances.  Individual written applications to the Treasury Department are required for specific licenses and decisions are made on a case by case basis.
Transactions relating to travel to Cuba for tourism and business purposes are not authorized by the Department of the Treasury's General License.  Neither are specific licenses issued for such travel.
The use of credit cards in Cuba by U.S. citizens and permanent resident aliens is prohibited.  U.S. credit card companies will not accept vouchers from Cuba and Cuban shops, hotels, and other places of business do not accept U.S. credit cards.  Personal checks drawn on U.S. banks are also not accepted in Cuba but
              455
certain types of travelers checks are.  Offers to exchange money in the street are illegal and travelers are advised to avoid all such transactions.
Effective November 1, 1991, a limit of $500 has been placed on funds a U.S. person may pay to Cuba for fees imposed by the Cuban government for travel to Cuba.  A limit of $300 per three-month period has been placed on family remittances sent from the U.S. to relatives in Cuba.  The Treasury Department has also prohibited returning Cubans from taking more non-Cuban currency home than they brought to the U.S.
For further information and to apply for a license, travelers should contact the Licensing Division, Office of Foreign Assets Control, Department of the
              457
Treasury, 1500 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Treasury Annex, Washington, D.C.20220 (TEL: 202/535-9449; FAX: 202/377-7222). Travelers should also contact this office for further details on established guidelines and for any changes which could affect their plans.
U.S. citizens are urged to register with the United States Interests Section, Embassy of Switzerland, Calzada between L & M, Vedado, Havana, TEL: 320551 or 320543.
 No. 91-212
This advisory replaces the one issued July 25, 1991 by deleting information on
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the Pan American Games and updating Department of Treasury restrictions on financial transactions relating to travel to Cuba.
               923
              920
There is currently no advisory in effect for Curacao.               311
CYPRUS - CAUTION
February 9, 1991The Department of State advises that the internationally-recognized government of the Republic of Cyprus has designated Larnaca and Paphos International Airports and the seaports of Limassol, Larnaca, and Paphos as the only legal ports of entry into and exit from Cyprus.  All of these ports are in the southern, Greek Cypriot-controlled part of the island.  Entry or exit through any other air or seaport is not authorized by the government of the Republic of Cyprus.
               312
Visitors who arrive at these government-designated ports of entry in Cyprus and whose passports contain stamps reflecting previous travel to the"Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus," which is not recognized by the Republic of Cyprus or by the United States, will be asked by Republic of Cyprus immigration officials whether the stamps can be canceled.  If the visitor agrees, the presence of the canceled stamps in the passport will not act as a bar to entry into Cyprus.
Visitors who arrive at non-designated ports in the Turkish Cypriot-controlled northern area should not, repeat, not expect to travel across the United Nations-patrolled "Green Line," to the southern area controlled by the government  of the Republic of Cyprus.  Such travel is not permitted by the
              313
government of the Republic of Cyprus, even for transit purposes.
Visitors arriving through the government-designated ports of entry in the south may often obtain permission from the government of the Republic of Cyprus and from the Turkish Cypriot administration to cross the United Nations-patrolled "Green Line,"  which separates the Greek Cypriot- and the Turkish Cypriot-administered parts of Cyprus, for short visits in the north.  However, prospective visitors should not arrive in Cyprus under the assumption that permission to visit northern Cyprus will automatically be granted. Policy and procedures regarding travel between the Greek Cypriot- and Turkish Cypriot-administered parts of Cyprus are subject to change.  U.S. citizens may contact the U.S. Embassy located at Therissos St. and Dositheos St., telephone
              314
number 465151 regarding current circumstances.
Expiration:  Indefinite
No. 91-046
This travel advisory replaces an identical advisory issued February 3, 1990 which is being reissued because the situation has not changed.
               921
There is currently no advisory in effect for Czechoslovakia.               923
              850
There is currently no advisory in effect for Denmark.               360
DJIBOUTI - WARNING
April 28, 1992
The Department of State advises U.S. citizens to defer non-essential travel to Djibouti at this time, due to the occurrence of guerrilla activity in the areas outside of Djibouti City and the tense situation within the capital.  The U.S. Embassy has instructed its personnel, and recommended to American residents there, to forego travel within Djibouti City after dark.
In addition, U.S. citizens should note that travel in the outlying districts of Djibouti, especially along the Ethiopia/Djibouti border, continues to be unsafe because of the potential for guerrilla operations.
              375There is a large police presence in the capital city at this time. However, many members of the police are young and inexperienced, do not speak English or French, and are unlikely to be able to offer appropriate assistance or security.
U.S. citizens who must travel to Djibouti at this time are strongly encouraged to register their presence at the U.S. Embassy upon arrival.  The U.S. Embassy is located at Plateau du Serpent, Boulevard Marechal Joffre, telephone number 35-39-95.
No. 92-091
               555
This renews the previous travel advisory, dated November 29, 1991, without change.               851
There is currently no advisory in effect for Dominica.
               852
There is currently no advisory in effect for the Dominican Republic.                406
EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN - CANCELLATION
October 3, 1991The travel advisory for the Eastern Mediterranean, dated February 6, 1991, is cancelled, effective immediately.               234
ECUADOR - WARNING
September 24, 1991
Summary: The Department of State recommends that Americans exercise caution when traveling in Ecuador.  In addition, American citizens should check with the U.S. Embassy before traveling to remote areas east of Quito and to avoid travel to the province of Sucumbios, on the Colombian border.  Some Galapagos Islands tour vessels are substandard in terms of maritime safety.  Some cases of cholera have been reported in southwestern Ecuador.  Business travelers should resolve any legal/financial disputes with Ecuadorian partners before traveling.
Street crime:  Visitors to the large port city of Guayaquil should use extreme
              235
caution on all city streets due to the high level of street crime incidents.  Visitors to the capital city of Quito should exercise caution in the area surrounding the famous Quito landmark known as the virgin of Panecillo, a high crime area. Pickpockets and muggings are common, and thieves are often armed with guns or knives.
Organized tours:  Travelers participating in organized tours to standard tourist destinations such as the cities of Quito, Cuenca, Otavalo, Ibara, resorts in the eastern jungle, i.e., Flotel Orellana, La Selva and hotels in the area of Mishaulli, and the beach resorts of Esmeraldas, Atacames, and Manta, have not experience any problems beyond those normally encountered with overseas travel.
               236
Cholera:  Cholera is not of epidemic proportions in Ecuador but a substantial number of cases continue to be reported and travelers should take preventative measures.  Travelers should substitute bottled beverages for potentially contaminated water.  Shell fish and vegetables should be well-cooked; all cooked food should be eaten while still hot; and fruit should be peeled by the traveler. For further information, contact the Centers for Disease Control's International Travelers Hotline on (404) 332-4559.
Galapagos:  A tour boat disaster in October 1990 in the Galapagos Islands pointed out the lack of maritime safety standards (especially in the area of fire safety and rescue equipment) on some tour vessels.  Travelers considering a tour to the Galapagos Islands should check with their travel agent regarding the
              237
safety specifications of the cruise boat they have chosen.
Business travel:  Business disputes with Ecuadorian partners should be worked out from the U.S., not in Ecuador.  American business travelers continue to go to Ecuador to resolve business disputes and find themselves in jail, their cases only being resolved upon the payment of large sums of money.
Hiking:  Hikers and mountain climbers should be careful to make such excursions with a qualified guide and/or in large groups. There have been incidents of robberies and sexual assaults, some involving victims in groups as large as three persons in the more popular hiking and climbing areas surrounding Quito.
               361
Areas to avoid:  U.S. citizens should check with the U.S. Embassy before traveling to any remote areas east of Quito because of periodic indigenous demonstrations.  Due to the kidnapping of an American in 1990, travelers should also avoid Ecuador's northeastern border with Colombia - the province of Sucumbios, especially the region north of the capital city of Nueva Loja, formerly known as Largo Agrio.
Information:  Americans are encouraged to register and seek the latest information from the U.S. Embassy in Quito, Avenida 12 de Octubre Y Avenida Partia (across from the Parque El Ejido), Tel: 562-890 or 561-749; or the U.S. Consulate General in Guayaquil, 9 de Octubre Y Garcia Moreno (near the Hotel Oro Verde), Tel: 323-570 or 327-893.
              366 No. 91-180
This replaces the previous travel advisory, dated March 23, 1991, by upgrading advisory from a caution to a warning and adding additional information on crime, business travel and cholera.
               853
There is currently no advisory in effect for Egypt.
                45
El Salvador - Warning
February 27, 1992
Summary:  The Department of State warns U.S. citizens to exercise caution when traveling to El Salvador.
--  The government of El Salvador and the guerrillas of the Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front (FMLN) signed peace accords on January 16, 1992, ending an 11-year armed conflict. Cessation of armed confrontation should result in a decrease in internal travel restrictions and a lessened level of danger to foreigners traveling in El Salvador.
               249
--  It is too early to assess compliance with the negotiated ceasefire, particularly in those eastern and northern parts of the country where the guerrilla insurgency has been particularly active and in the 15 zones where the former FMLN insurgents will be concentrated during demobilization.  Travelers should continue to exercise extreme caution if passing through or visiting those areas until further notice.
--  U.S. citizens should avoid overland travel between El Salvador and Honduras. End Summary.
Security:  Indiscriminate attacks by the FMLN guerrillas against civilian targets should no longer pose a particular threat to travelers.  Common crime,
              268
however, is apparently on the increase throughout El Salvador, including the capital, the beach areas and the road from the capital to the International Airport.  While United States citizens are not singled out for robberies or assaults, travelers should exercise reasonable caution.
-- Travelers should drive with their doors locked and windows partially raised.  Travel via car on roads or highways outside of the capital or other metropolitan areas between 6:00 p.m. and 6:00 a.m. is strongly discouraged because of the crime situation and general road safety conditions.  Travelers should be alert to the situation around them, particularly in deserted park or beach areas.
-- Travelers into back country regions should be particularly attentive to the
              269
danger of land mines which have caused numerous unintended casualties and which will continue to pose a threat until extensive deming occurs.
Former Conflictive Zones and Safe Conduct Passes (Salvaconductos): The government of El Salvador has not yet revised its requirement that foreigners seeking to travel into conflictive zones obtain prior clearance, called a salvaconducto, from the military high command before entering such zones.  Until the salvaconducto situation is clarified, travelers into former conflictive zones should check with the Salvadoran military high command or the American Citizen Services Section of the U.S. Embassy on the necessity of obtaining such a clearance.
               270
Involvement in Domestic Politics:  The Salvadoran constitution prohibits foreigners from participating in domestic political activities, including public demonstrations.  The government of El Salvador considers such involvement to be a violation of the participant's tourist visa status.
Visas:  U.S. citizens are required by the government of El Salvador to hold a valid passport and to obtain a visa before traveling to El Salvador.  There are no airport visas or tourist cards available for last-minute entry to El Salvador.  U.S. citizens should consult with the nearest El Salvador Consulate or the Embassy in Washington, D.C. for the most current visa information and application procedures.
               341
For Information:  All U.S. citizens visiting El Salvador are strongly encouraged to contact the consular section of the U.S. Embassy upon arrival in El Salvador. The Embassy is located at 25 Avenida Norte No. 1230, San Salvador, tel: 26-7100.
 No. 92-031
This replaces the advisory issued February 1, 1991 to reflect changes brought about by the signing of the January 1992 peace accords between the government of El Salvador and the FMLN.               858
There is currently no advisory in effect for England.               626
EQUATORIAL GUINEA - NOTICE March 11, 1992
The Department of State advises U.S. citizens that the government of Equatorial Guinea has established stringent currency restrictions, applied both on arrival and departure from the country.  Visitors bearing tourist passports must declare any currency in excess of 20,000 CFA local currency (approximately 80 U.S. dollars) immediately upon arrival.  This requirement is not clearly posted: nevertheless, travelers who fail to declare their excess currency risk forfeiture of any amount over 20,000 CFA upon departure.  Recovery of confiscated currency from the government of Equatorial Guinea is difficult at best.
               627
Special permits may be needed for some types of photography. Travelers should check with the U.S. Embassy upon arrival in Malabo for the latest regulations.  In any case, travelers should avoid taking photographs of the Presidential Palace and its environs, military installations, airports, harbors, and other sensitive areas.
U.S. citizens who wish to visit the Moka or Mount Pico areas must obtain a special permit from the Ministry of Tourism.  In addition, the government routinely posts roadblocks, and may require a special permit for travel outside the two principal cities of Malabo and Bata.
The U.S. Embassy cautions that some of the airlines and ferries which provide
              628
access to Equatorial Guinea do not observe applicable international safety standards, and routinely board more passengers than their craft are authorized to carry.
No. 92-43
American citizens are encouraged to register upon arrival with the U.S. Embassy in Malabo, at Calle de los Ministros, telephone numbers 2185, 2406 or 2507.               365
ESTONIA - NOTICE
June 19, 1992
The U.S. Embassy in Tallinn, Estonia has moved into permanent facilities, and can provide limited consular services, including emergency assistance, to U.S. citizens.  U.S. citizens residing or traveling in Estonia are encouraged to register at the Embassy upon arrival.  The Embassy is located at Kentmanni 20, EE 0001 Tallinn, Estonia, tel. 455-313.
The overall situation in Estonia is generally calm at this time. Street crime, however, is increasing, particularly in Tallinn in the vicinity of the major hotels and bars.  American visitors should exercise particular care when
              118
traveling in the city at night. Emergency medical services above the standard provided to local residents are available in Tallinn for hard currency.  Nevertheless, tourists with health problems should make special arrangements when planning to visit Estonia.
The three Baltic states - Estonia, Lithuania, and Latvia - have established a reciprocal visa policy, under which a valid visa for any of the three will be accepted for admission.  For further information concerning visas, please contact the Embassy of the Republic of Estonia, 630 Fifth Avenue, NY, NY 10020, tel. (212) 247-1450.  Travelers who plan to enter Russia or any of the other former Soviet Republics except Ukraine must obtain Russian visas before entering these countries, or they will not be allowed to register at hotels and will be
              277
required to depart the country immediately via the same route they arrived.  They may also be fined up to $350 (U.S.).
 No. 92-130
This replaces the advisory issued October 24, 1991, to inform U.S. citizens that the U.S. Embassy in Tallinn has now moved into permanent facilities and provides a limited range of consular services.  The advisory also informs travelers of a recent increase in street crime, and includes the addresses of the U.S. Embassy in Estonia and of the Estonian Embassy in the U.S.                23
ETHIOPIA - WARNING
June 3, 1992
Summary:  The Department of State advises U.S. citizens to defer travel to the provinces of Hararghe and Wellega due to political tensions, and to exercise caution in general when traveling to Ethiopia.  Increased political and ethnic tension and the absence of police authority have resulted in a general increase in crime. Highway travel has become increasingly hazardous due to banditry and the presence of land mines.  U.S. citizens traveling to Asmara, in Eritrea, should be aware of difficulties in obtaining consular assistance.  Seagoing vessels require permits issued in advance to enter Eritrean territorial waters.  End Summary.
               22U.S. citizens are urged to defer travel to the entire province of Hararghe, including the towns of Dire Dawa, Harar, and Jijiga, due to armed confrontations between opposing political groups.  Relief organizations have suspended operations in this area due to the killing of relief workers, violence on roads, and tense relations between ethnic groups.
U.S. citizens are further urged to defer travel to the western parts of the province of Wellega.  Armed units owing allegiance to the Oromo Liberation Front (OLF) and forces of the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPDRF), Ethiopia's national army, periodically clash.
               247
Other Provinces:  Banditry has increased in Ethiopia.  Travel by road outside major towns or cities may result in violent attack. Several foreigners have been attacked, and at least two have been killed, in recent incidents of highway violence.
Highway travelers are advised that land mines and other anti-personnel devices litter the Ethiopian countryside, particularly alongside major roads.  Many persons, including some foreigners, have been injured by these devices.
Addis Ababa:  Businesses, banks, embassies and offices in the capital continue to keep normal hours.  Local and international schools are open and operating normally.  The international airport has operated without interruption since the
              348
change of regimes. Violent crime is increasing, particularly armed robbery of homes in affluent neighborhoods, including embassy residences and missionary compounds.  The 1 a.m. to 5 a.m. curfew has recently been lifted, but visitors should exercise caution when traveling at night.  In the first week of April, bombs exploded in two hotels which cater to the Ethiopian middle class.
Domestic and international air services generally operate on schedule.  Four domestic flights have recently been hijacked to neighboring countries, but the incidents ended quickly without injuries or fatalities.  Frequent fuel shortages can make travel difficult outside of Addis Ababa.  Credit cards are not widely accepted in Ethiopia, so travelers should plan accordingly.  U.S. citizens must obtain an Ethiopian visa at an Ethiopian embassy abroad prior to arrival. 
              508
Airport visas are no longer available to travelers who start their travel in or pass through a country where an Ethiopian diplomatic mission is located.
Travelers to Asmara in Eritrea should be cautioned that U.S. consular officials may not be able to provide the sort of assistance in cases involving arrests and welfare and whereabouts of U.S. citizens that is available in Addis Ababa or elsewhere in Ethiopia, nor provide it quickly.  Eritrean authorities strictly enforce their rights in territorial waters, and arrest those fishing illegally or entering restricted maritime zones.  The provisional government of Eritrea has announced that it will confiscate any vessel found in Eritrean territorial waters without a permit issued in advance, and will prosecute the persons found aboard such vessels.  Public telecommunications now link Eritrea to the U.S.,
              509
but to no other countries.  Travelers from the U.S. must obtain travel permits to Eritrea from the Washington, D.C. office of the EPLF.  Daily flights between Addis Ababa and Asmara are heavily booked.
All U.S. citizens are urged to register with the U.S. Embassy upon arrival in Ethiopia to receive updated security information.  The Embassy is located on Entoto Avenue, a ten minute taxi ride north of the city center and major hotels. Telephone numbers are 550-666, extension 316/317/336: emergency/after hours, 552-558.
 No. 92-118
               686
This replaces the travel advisory dated May 6, 1992, to advise of the lifting of the curfew in Addis Ababa and to add a warning that vessels planning to enter Eritrean territorial waters require permits that must be obtained in advance.                71
 There is currently no advisory in effect for Fiji.
               855
There is currently no advisory in effect for Finland.
               477
FRANCE  - NOTICE
November 1, 1991
The Department of State has learned that the Air France flights listed below, between Paris and certain Mideast destinations, make an intermediate stop in Beirut.  American citizens should not board these flights because U.S. passports are invalid for travel to, in, or through Lebanon and may not be used for that purpose unless a special validation is obtained.  This prohibition exists because the situation in Lebanon is so dangerous that no U.S. citizen can be considered safe from terrorist acts.  Use of a U.S. passport for travel to, in or through Lebanon may constitute a violation of 18 USC 1544, and be punishable by a fine and/or imprisonment.
              460The Air France flights which transit Beirut are:
AF-140  Paris-Beirut-Amman AF-141  Amman-Beirut-Paris AF-142  Paris-Beirut-Damascus AF-143  Damascus-Beirut-Paris AF-144  Paris-Beirut-Damascus AF-145  Damascus-Beirut-Paris AF-159  Abu Dhabi-Dhahran-Beirut-Paris
 No. 91-211
This amends the advisory issued October 29, 1991 to add additional flights which transit Beirut en route to or from France.               856
There is currently no advisory in effect for French Guiana.
               857
There is currently no advisory in effect for French Polynesia.
               861
              215
GABON - CANCELLATION March 8, 1991Due to the cessation of civil disturbances in Port Gentil and the government's lifting of the state of siege, the Department has cancelled the travel advisory of May 24, 1990 for Gabon.
No. 91-060               864
There is currently no advisory in effect for the Galapagos Islands.               865
There is currently no advisory in effect for Gambia.               726
GEORGIA - WARNING
 July 10, 1992
The Department of State advises U.S. citizens traveling to Georgia to exercise extreme caution due to the high potential for political unrest.  Demonstrations still occur in Tbilisi, and curfews may be in effect.
U.S. citizens should consider deferring travel to the western regions of Georgia because of sporadic violence in the area.  Travel to South Ossetia should be deferred due to continued fighting in the region.
Police authority in many cities in western and central Georgia has collapsed. 
              567
Crime, including violent crime, is widespread in these cities and in Tbilisi.  Foreigners have been the targets of criminal activity.
Armed clashes between supporters of former President Gamsakhurdia and government forces in western Georgia have largely abated, although reports of sporadic fighting in the city of Zugdidi continue.  Violent unrest in the south Ossetian region also continues.  The highway linking Tbilisi and Vladikarkaz (in Russia) remains closed.
Medical care in the region does not meet western standards.  There is a severe shortage of basic medical supplies, including disposable needles, anesthetics and antibiotics.  U.S. citizens in frail health are strongly advised not to
              703
visit.  The U.S. Department of State pamphlet "Tips for Travelers to the U.S.S.R.," which is currently being revised but which contains information that is still valid, lists additional information on health care in the region. The publication can be ordered for $1.00 each from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402.
The United States now has an Embassy operating in Tbilisi.  U.S. citizens visiting Georgia who will travel outside of the capital are strongly urged to register at the U.S. Embassy, located at 25 Atoneli Street, tel: 98-99-67 or 98-99-68.
 No. 92-144
              727This advisory replaces the travel advisory dated March 26, 1992, to warn travelers of the collapse of police authority in many western and central cities, the closing of the highway linking Tbilisi and Vladikavkaz, and the opening of the U.S. Embassy.
               374
Germany - Notice
May 5, 1992
The Department of State advises that travelers to Germany may experience delays, cancellations, and inconvenience because of the public service union strike affecting airports, train service and subways.
International and domestic flights in Frankfurt and at other major airports have been disrupted.  Some airports may be closed temporarily.  Intercity trains and local public transportation have been severely disrupted in the major cities as well.  The situation changes from day to day in each locality and cannot be predicted. Travelers should be prepared for delays and cancellations.
              608 No.  92-096
This travel advisory notifies travelers of a public service union strike affecting airports, trains and subways in Germany.                64
GHANA - Caution
April 22, 1992
The Department of State advises U.S. citizens traveling in Ghana to exercise caution, as Ghanaian laws and legal practices differ considerably from those in the United States. Wh en arrested, U.S. citizens have encountered significant problems, including a lack of notification by local officials to the American Embassy, denial of access by a consular officer, harsh and unhealthful jail conditions, and a lengthy legal process during which the detainee may be unable to post bond. In addition, the government of Ghana claims the right to incarcerate individuals, including American citizens, for indefinite periods without filing formal charges. If detained, U.S. citizens should make every U.S.               198
Embassy normally is not notified by Ghanaian authorities.
U.S. citizens should conduct foreign currency transactions only through registered banks and foreign exchange bureaus. Currency transactions with private citizens are illegal. Only designated official agencies are authorized to handle transactions in gold, diamond, and other natural resources. Transactions in these commodities with private citizens are illegal.
The wearing of any military apparel such as camouflage jackets or pants or any clothing or items which may appear military in nature is strictly prohibited.
Visitors arriving in Ghana with electronic equipment, particularly video cameras
              199
and laptop computers, may be required to pay a refundable deposit of 17.5 per cent of the value of the item prior to entry into the country. To receive a refund of the deposit, visitors must apply to the Customs and Excise Office in central Accra 48 hours before departure. American citizens should exercise discretion in selecting photo subjects. The photography of certain areas and facilities is prohibited, and many Ghanaians may take offense at being photographed without consent.
All foreign visitors who plan to remain in Ghana for more than 7 days must register with the Ghana Immigration Service within 48 hours of arrival. Registration is not required for stays of 7 days or less, but is recommended to facilitate re-entry. Americans traveling to Ghana should register with the
              391
American Embassy immediately upon arrival. The U.S. Embassy is located on Ring Road East, P.O. Box 194, Accra.  The telephone number is 77-53-47.
 No. 92-88
This updates the previous travel advisory, dated February 5, 1992, to advise U.S. citizens who may be U.S.-Ghana dual nationals of the necessity of using their American passports to enter the country.               866
There is currently no advisory in effect for Gibraltar.               867
There is currently no advisory in effect for Gilbert Islands.               868
There is currently no advisory in effect for Great Britain.               487
GREECE - CAUTION
October 2, 1991
The decline in terrorist threats since the end of the Gulf War and the absence of any recent serious incidents against American citizens renders the warning in the earlier Eastern Mediterranean travel advisory, as it pertains to Greece, no longer necessary.
Thousands of Americans visit Greece every year without incident traveling widely in the countryside and throughout the islands. There has not been a significant anti-American terrorist incidents in Greece since March 1991.  Terrorist groups continue some activity and Americans visiting Greece should exercise normal
              488
caution.
 No. 91-184
This travel advisory replaces the Eastern Mediterranean travel advisory dated February 6, 1991, notes the decline in terrorism since the Persian Gulf War and advises Americans to exercise normal caution.               869
There is currently no advisory in effect for Greenland.               870
There is currently no advisory in effect for Grenada.               587
               871
There is currently no advisory in effect for Guadeloupe.                82
GUATEMALA - WARNING
March 13, 1992
Summary:  The Department of State warns all Americans to exercise caution when traveling in Guatemala.  Violent crime is a serious problem, and armed robberies of public bus passengers are frequent. Visitors should avoid intercity road travel after sunset and should not climb Pacaya or Agua volcanos.  Visitors driving cars should exercise particular caution; armed car thefts are common and those involved in car accidents are often put in jail.  Guatemala now requires U.S. passports to enter the country, and requires all persons to have identification at all times.  End Summary.
               109
General:  More than 120,000 American citizens visited Guatemala in 1991 and less than one percent had any problem with crime.  18 incidents of violent crime involving American citizen visitors were reported to the embassy in the past year.  Guatemalan government and private sector tourism officials are working to make Guatemala safer for both visitors and residents.  Since early March 1992 Guatemalan military forces, under the supervision of the Minister of the Interior, have been providing additional support and manpower to the civilian police in a program designed to reduce criminal activity. Visitors should follow the same precautions in Guatemala that they would use in any large city.  Resisting any armed robbery attempt is not recommended, nor is walking around at night.  Hire only taxicabs from stands located at the airport, major hotels and intersections. Do not  bring valuable jewelry or other irreplaceable items.
              110
Pickpockets are common, especially in market areas.  Carry a photocopy of passports and valuable documents in a separate place from the original documents.  Do not leave all valuables and money in one place, and do not leave personal property or documents in a parked car.
Antigua:  Most visitors experience no problems, but there has been a recent increase in violent crime against tourists, including two rapes and two murders on the outskirts of Antigua.  The area surrounding the city's center, including most of the colonial monuments and churches, is generally safe in the daytime, but caution should be exercised at night and walking, jogging or bike riding on the roads leading out of Antigua should be avoided. Frequent armed robberies occur at the "Cerro de la Cruz" park and monument located just above Antigua.
              113Panajachel, Lake Atitlan, and Chichicastenango:  The towns of Panajachel on Lake Atitlan and Chichicastenango are generally safe, but pickpockets are prevalent.  Visitors traveling by road from Guatemala City should take only the CA-1 route (the Pan American Highway) through Chimaltenango and Tecpan to the crossroads at Los Encuentros, and then either route 1 to Solola and Panajachel or route 15 to Chichicastenango.  Travel to the lake on any other road is dangerous.  An American tourist was killed by a gunman near Godinez in January 1992.  Travel by boat from Panajachel to Santiago Atitlan or other towns on the south side of the lake should be done only in the morning due to frequent bad weather conditions on the lake in the late afternoon.
               115
Tikal and the Peten Department:  To reach Tikal we recommend travellers fly to the town of Flores and take a public bus or tour van to the ruins.  Road travel in the rest of the Peten is discouraged.  Road conditions are poor, and telephones, police and medical assistance are usually unavailable.  Guerrillas continue to operate in the Peten Department and military and guerrilla roadblocks are frequent.  Several tourists travelling by land between Tikal and the Guatemala/Belize border at Melchor De Mencos have been robbed at gunpoint.
Volcanos:  Visitors should not climb Guatemala's volcanos.  In particular, the Pacaya volcano should be avoided.  Two Americans died there in 1991 and many tourists, including those traveling in large groups, were the subject of violent armed robberies.  Several female tourists were also raped.  There are sporadic
              465
encounters between guerrillas and military on and around both Pacaya and Agua volcanos.
Road travel to and in Guatemala:  Road conditions are poor and participants in a traffic accident can be jailed.  Armed vehicle theft is a serious problem, especially in Guatemala City.  If conf ronted by armed thieves, give up the vehicle without resistance. Drivers in Guatemala should observe the following precautions when coming from Mexico: enter at either Tecun Uman (Highway CA-2) on the Pacific Coast or at La Mesilla (Highway CA-1) in the highlands. Those traveling from El Salvador should use the border crossing at Las Chinamas, El Salvador/Valle Nuevo, Guatemala.  When entering from Honduras, cross the border at either El Florido or Agua Caliente.  Allow plenty of time to complete border               632
crossing formalities, which can be lengthy, and still reach a major town before dark.  The U.S. Embassy strongly recommends avoiding all intercity travel after sunset (6:00p.m.) anywhere in Guatemala.
Public transportation:  There are frequent incidents in which entire busloads of passengers are robbed of all their belongings, either by armed thieves who board as passengers, or by armed robbers who set up roadblocks to stop vehicles and rob their occupants. Robberies and even rapes also occur in city buses.
Guerrilla activity:  Encounters between Guatemalan Army Forces and Guerrilla groups continue on a sporadic basis in the departments of El Quiche, Huehuetenango, San Marcos, Peten, Escuintla, Suchitepequez and Sacatapequez. 
              633
Travelers should request advice from the U.S. Embassy on current conditions before traveling in these departments.  There are occasional guerrilla roadblocks on the roads between Guatemala City and Escuintla and along the Pacific Coast.
Cholera:  Cholera is present in Guatemala, and travelers should substitute bottled beverages for potentially contaminated water. All shellfish and vegetables should be cooked before eating.  Cooked food should be eaten while still hot, and fruits which cannot be peeled should be avoided.  For further information about cholera, contact the Centers for Disease Control's International Travelers Hotline at (404) 332-4559.
               634
Passports and documents:  The Guatemalan government requires all U.S. citizens entering Guatemala to have a passport with either a visa or a tourist card.  In addition, U.S. travelers must carry their identification with them at all times.
All American visitors are encouraged to contact the consular section of the U.S. Embassy for up-to-date travel and security information.  The Embassy is located at Avenida Reforma 7-01, zone 10, Guatemala City, telephone 311541.  Americans needing emergency assistance outside regular working hours (8:00 a.m.-5:00 p.m.) should call the Embassy marine guard at 32-33-47 and ask to speak to the duty officer.
 No. 92-47
              636This advisory replaces the travel advisory issued on August 9, 1991, and warns that violent crime is a serious problem, warns travelers not to climb the Pacaya and Agua volcanos, and warns against intercity travel at night.               872
There is currently no advisory in effect for French Guiana.               496
GUINEA - CAUTION
March 5, 1992
Summary:  The Department of State advises U.S. citizens that street crime is a serious problem in Conakry, the capital of Guinea. Elsewhere in Guinea, crime is not as pervasive.  Health hazards are ever present, and minor civil disturbances have occurred and could recur.  Commercial scams or "stings" are often targeted at foreigners, including U.S. citizens.  End Summary.
Visitors to Conakry should be alert to street crime.  The airport in Conakry, in particular, is targeted by criminals.  Travelers should be alert to pickpockets or persons posing as officials who offer assistance.  Wherever possible, arrange
              497
to be met on arrival by travel agents, business contacts, family members or friends. U.S. citizens residing in Guinea should be aware of the high incidence of residential break-ins and take appropriate security precautions.
Commercial scams or stings have been targeted at foreigners, including U.S. citizens.  These scams are both fraudulent and illegal and potentially involve the U.S. citizen business partner in illegal activity that may lead to threats of extortion.  The ability of embassy officers to extricate Americans from unlawful business deals is extremely limited.  Travelers should be wary of offers of outright money transfers or lucrative sales, or contracts purporting to involve large sums of money and promises of commissions.  All visitors are required to have a visa to enter Guinea.
              498Guinea has experienced civil unrest which usually manifests itself in the form of demonstrations.  While U.S. citizens have not been targeted specifically, U.S. citizens should avoid demonstrations.
Roadblocks occur at frequent intervals and individuals stopped at roadblocks have reported requests for unlawful payments or other types of intimidation or harassment.
Diseases such as malaria, including cerebral malaria, hepatitis and intestinal disorders are endemic and proper precautions should be taken.
               499
Travelers should refrain from taking photographs of government buildings, airports, bridges or official looking buildings without the express permission of the host government's security personnel.
Credit cards are rarely accepted in Guinea.  Travelers should bring sufficient travelers' checks or currency to cover their needs while visiting the country.  Interbank fund transfers are frequently difficult, if not impossible, to accomplish.
All U.S. citizens who visit Guinea are urged to register with the U.S. Embassy in Conakry as soon as possible after their arrival. The Embassy is located at 2nd Blvd. and 9th Ave., telephone (224) 44-15-20.
              616 No. 92-035               873
There is currently no advisory in effect for Guinea-Bissau.
<CR> for  next article !               874
There is currently no advisory in effect for Guyana.               879

              213
HAITI - WARNING
April 6, 1992
The Department of State continues to advise U.S. citizens to defer non-essential travel to Haiti.  In the aftermath of the forcible overthrow of the legitimate government by elements of the Haitian military in September 1991, the political situation remains volatile.  The Department of State has now terminated its ordered departure of non-essential personnel and dependents.  However, although there does not appear to be a specific threat to U.S. citizens at this time, the potential exists for random violence, sporadic civil disturbances, and isolated acts of serious criminality.  Crowds and areas of unrest should be avoided.  The police and judiciary are unable to provide a consistent level of security and
              149
due process.  Throughout the country there are disruptions in the flow of goods and services and shortages of gasoline, diesel fuel, propane, and electrical power owing to an Organization of American States embargo.
The assistance that the U.S. Embassy can provide to U.S. citizens traveling to Haiti continues to be limited.  U.S. citizens who must travel to Haiti in spite of this warning are urged to register upon arrival with the Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy in Port-Au-Prince, Rue Oswald Durand, telephone 22-0200, 22-0354, 22-0368 or 22-0612.
 No. 92-034
               283
This replaces the previous travel advisory dated March 2, 1992. This advisory notes that the ordered departure from Haiti of non-essential U.S. Embassy employees and dependents has terminated. It also states that the U.S. Embassy is still able to provide only limited assistance to U.S. citizens traveling to Haiti.               875
There is currently no advisory in effect for Vatican City.                95
Honduras - Warning
April 13, 1992
Summary:  The Department of State warns U.S. citizens to exercise caution when traveling to areas in Honduras which border El Salvador and/or Nicaragua.  Travel conditions in other areas of the country are normal from a security standpoint.  U.S. citizens should avoid all overland travel from El Salvador.  Bring all funds needed for your stay in Honduras because it is extremely difficult to transfer funds into Honduras rapidly from other countries.  Visas are not required for U.S. citizens visiting Honduras.  End summary.
Honduran/Salvadoran Border:  Overland travelers are cautioned that Salvadoran
              189
guerrillas and cross border bandit groups operate out of areas near the Honduran/Salvadoran border.  The guerrillas have on occasion indiscriminately attacked civilian traffic on Salvadoran roads.  A ceasefire in El Salvador took effect February 1, but it is too soon to know its effect.  Guerrilla-placed land mines on rural roads in El Salvador continued to cause civilian casualties.  The Department accordingly strongly recommends that U.S. citizens travel between Honduras and El Salvador by air, and not by land. Conversely, travelers who feel that they must enter Honduras from El Salvador by land should contact the Consular Section of the American Embassy in Tegucigalpa for up-to-date information.
Honduran/Nicaraguan Border:  Travelers are advised that travel by road, even on
              190
main highways, between Nicaragua and Honduras is uncertain and potentially hazardous.  The presence of extensive minefields on both sides of the border particularly along the Rio Coco and in the Atlantic coast region presents a danger to anyone venturing close to the border at other that the El Espino, Las Manos, and Guasaule border crossings.  (The El Espino Crossing is known by the name La Fraternidad.)  It can be hazardous to venture off main roads in the Honduran/Nicaraguan border area.
Those travelers who have no alternative but to travel by land into or out of Honduras should be aware that the Las Manos and El Espino border crossings between Honduras and Nicaragua as well as the Agua Caliente border crossing between Honduras and Guatemala are open only during daylight hours.  The
              191
Guasaule border crossing is open daily from 8 AM to 4 PM.   Travelers can expect a lengthy and meticulous search of their vehicles and belongings at all the crossings.
There has been a significant increase in the number of reported street crime incidents (such as robberies and pickpocketing incidents) in urban areas.  Travelers should take appropriate precautions on the street and when using public transportation. Valuables should never be left unattended in automobiles regardless of whether the vehicle is locked and/or in an apparently safe area.
Several cases of cholera have been reported in Honduras along the El Salvador and Guatemala borders.  The risk of disease can be reduced considerably by
              424
washing hands before eating, drinking only boiled of purified water, and avoiding food from outdoor vendors. In addition, visitors may wish to take precautions against malaria prior to travel.  Contact the Centers for Disease Control's International Travelers' Hotline on (404) 332-4559 for further information.
Travelers to Honduras are encouraged to bring sufficient funds (credit cards, travelers checks and cash) to defray all their expenses.  It is impossible to cash personal checks and is extremely difficult to arrange for the transfer of funds from abroad subsequent to arrival.  This is particularly true in the case of travel to the Bay Islands, where banking facilities are limited.
               425
Adoptions:  The Honduran government has suspended adoption processing for foreigners until further notice.  All appointments with the Honduran courts and Junta Nacional de Bienestar Social (Junta) have been canceled.  Prospective adoptive parents should check with their attorney, the adoption agency, or the Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy in Tegucigalpa before traveling to Honduras.
Visas are not necessary for U.S. citizens entering Honduras, although a valid American passport is required.  There is an airport tax of approximately 10 dollars for travelers leaving Honduras by air.  All U.S. citizens visiting Honduras are encouraged to contact and register with the U.S. Embassy in Tegucigalpa.  The U.S. Embassy telephone numbers during working hours are
              563
32-3120 and 38-5114.  For any after-hours emergency, call 32-3125 or 32-3126.  The U.S. Embassy in El Salvador is located at 25 Avenida Norte No. 1230 in San Salvador.  The telephone number there is 26-7100.
No. 92-79
This replaces the advisory dated Febru ary 27, 1992, to reflect that Honduras has suspended processing of foreign adoptions until further notice.
              876
There is currently no advisory in effect for Hong Kong.               877
There is currently no advisory in effect for Hungary.               880

              720
There is currently no travel advisory for Iceland.                26
INDIA - WARNING
 May 19, 1992
Summary:  Travel throughout most regions of India is generally safe.  However, there is continuing terrorist activity in the Kashmir portion of the State of Jammu and Kashmir and in the State of Assam.  Travel to the Valley of Kashmir and to Assam should be deferred until further notice.  In addition, due to the continuing violence in the State of Punjab, U.S. citizens should defer all but essential travel to the Punjab as well as North-Central and North-Western Uttar Pradesh affected by this violence.  Also, there have been several recent bombings in New Delhi, possibly related to the violence in the Punjab.  Visitors should be aware that potentially dangerous demonstrations can occur anywhere in
               38
India on short notice, and although U.S. citizens may not be specifically targeted, they and their vehicles may inadvertently get caught up in a demonstration or riot.  U.S. Citizens should read local English language newspapers and check with the consular section of the American Embassy in New Delhi or with the American Consulates General in Bombay, Madras and Calcutta for current information concerning the security situation at proposed destinations.  End Summary.
Travel throughout most of India is generally safe, and most U.S. citizens have no untoward experiences.  This is particularly true for travel to major urban centers such as Bombay, Madras, Bangalore and Calcutta.  Although New Delhi is generally safe, there have been several recent bombings in the Old Delhi area. 
               48
Travelers there should be alert to suspicious or unattended objects in restaurants, train stations and other public places.  Except for Kashmir, well-known tourist attractions are generally safe for tourists who exercise caution.  However, potentially dangerous situations, such as demonstrations or terrorist violence, may develop quickly and without warning.  Travelers are advised to contact the American Embassy or the nearest American Consulate General for further information about the current situation in areas where they wish to travel.
Kashmir, Assam, Punjab, Northwestern Uttar Pradesh:  Because of continuing terrorist activity, tensions and disturbances, visitors are strongly advised to avoid the Kashmir portion of the state of Jammu and Kashmir.  The kidnapping of
               58
foreigners by terrorists in Kashmir underscores the advice that U.S. citizens should avoid Kashmir until further notice.  Also, in view of the Government of India's announcement in September 1991 that Assam is a "disturbed area," U.S. citizens are advised not to travel to Assam.  Due to continuing separatist violence in the state of Punjab, U.S. citizens should defer all nonessential travel there.  In the spring of 1992, violent incidents related to the problems in the Punjab occurred at various places in the northwestern foothills and north-central Terai regions of Uttar Pradesh.  The area affected runs from Saharanpur district in the west to Kheri district in the east and includes Jim Corbett National Park and Dudhwa National Park, as well as roads leading to Rishikesh, Dehra Dun and Mussoorie.  Nonessential travel to or through these areas of Uttar Pradesh should be deferred.
               60India-Pakistan Border:  Travelers to the India/Pakistan border should exercise caution in view of the continued tensions between India and Pakistan, particularly over Kashmir.  The only official border crossing point for foreigners is at Attari, Punjab/Wagah, Pakistan.  A Pakistani visa is required.
West Bengal:  Several foreigners visiting the Ananda Marg Organization's facilities in West Bengal have been detained.  U.S. citizens planning travel to West Bengal should first contact the American Embassy in New Delhi or the American Consulate General in Calcutta for further information.
Restricted/protected areas which require permission from the Indian Ministry of
               62
Home Affairs to visit are:  The state of Mizoram, Manipur, Nagaland, Aruachal Pradesh, Sikkim, parts of Kulu district and Spiti District of Himachal Pradesh, certain parts of Jammu and Kashmir, the area West of National highway no. 15 running from Ganganagar to Sanchar in Rajasthan, and the Union Territory of the Laccadive Islands.  Areas for which permits will be issued by Indian consulates abroad without reference to the home ministry or by foreigners regional registration offices in India are:  Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, Imphal town and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
Mountain Climbing:  Both India and Pakistan lay claim to an Area of the Karakoram Mountain range which includes the Siachen glacier. The two countries have established military outposts in the region and, since May 1984, armed
              210
clashes have occurred.  Because of this situation, the Department of State warns U.S. citizens against traveling to or climbing peaks anywhere in the disputed area of East Karakoram range and on or near the Siachen Glacier.  Climbers should in particular avoid the following peaks which lie within the disputed area claimed by both India and Pakistan:  Rimo peak, Apsarasas-I, II, and III, Tegam Kangri - I, II, and III, suingi Kangri, Ghaint I and II, Indira Col, and Sia Kangri.
Piloting Civil Aircraft:  In past years there have been a number of incidents when civil aircraft have been detained for deviating from approved flight plans. U.S. citizens piloting civil aircraft in India are therefore strongly cautioned against changing filed flight plans or overflying restricted airspace.
              224Vaccinations:  Please check with your local Public Health Service office for recommended vaccinations.  Medical authorities suggest taking preventive measures against malaria, hepatitis, meningitis, and Japanese encephalitis [during the monsoon season].  Travelers arriving from countries where outbreaks of yellow fever have occurred will be required to furnish a certificate for yellow fever vaccination.  All travelers should be aware of the possibility of outbreaks of cholera and gastroenteritis which occur during summer monsoon months [July and August], mostly in the poorer areas of India.  The best protection includes eating only at better quality restaurants or hotels, drinking only boiled or bottled mineral water (seal unbroken) and avoiding ice.  Eating untreated fruits and vegetables and cooked foods sold by street vendors
              388
can be risky.
Registration:  U.S. citizens resident or visiting in India are encouraged to register with the American Embassy in New Delhi or with the American Consulates General in Bombay, Calcutta, and Madras.
 No. 92-108
This replaces the travel advisory for India dated December 24, 1991, to advise travelers to defer non-essential travel to Northwestern and North-central Uttar Pradesh and to inform travelers of a number of bombings in New Delhi related to the violence in the Punjab.               254
INDONESIA - CAUTION
 August 3, 1992
Summary:  The Department of State advises U.S. citizens to exercise caution when traveling to Aceh, Irian Jaya, and East Timor provinces, areas which are far removed from the major Indonesian tourist attractions.  End Summary.
Aceh Province -- Located at the extreme northern tip of the island of Sumatra, Aceh has been the site of limited civil unrest which has led to isolated incidents of violence. While neither private Americans nor foreign businesses have been targeted in any such incidents, U.S. citizens should exercise caution, particularly
at night or in rural areas.               195Irian Jaya Province --- Americans traveling to Irian Jaya, the eastern-most province of Indonesia and the western half of the island of New Guinea, must obtain from local authorities a special travel permit, Surat Keterangan Jalan (SKJ).  Americans considering travel to Irian Jaya should contact the American Embassy in Jakarta for information on how to obtain the required permit.
Restricted areas in Irian Jaya:  Border area with Papua New Guinea, Enarotali, Wagate, Akimuga, Illaga/Maumane, all areas along the Mamberamo River, and the Agats area are restricted to travelers. Climbing Mt. Jayawijaya (Cartenz Pyramide), river rafting and exploring caves, also require a special permit issued by local authorities.  In the Agats areas, only the Asmat Cultural Center
              197
is open to foreigners.  A special permit to visit Agats must be obtained from the Indonesian government prior to travel.
East Timor -- This province, located approximately 300 miles north of Australia, has experienced periodic unrest since 1975.  In November 1991, a number of demonstrators were killed when Indonesian security units reacted forcibly to a political demonstration; two U.S. journalists at that demonstration were injured.  Americans have not been the target of violence, but U.S. citizens traveling in East Timor should be aware of the potential for civil disturbances.
U.S. citizens may travel to Indonesia for tourism purposes without a visa.  Upon arrival in Indonesia a tourist pass with a stay permitted for two months will be
              222
stamped in the passport.  The passport must still be valid for at least 6 months and the traveler must have an onward or round- trip ticket.
U.S. citizen travelers to Aceh, Irian Jaya, and East Timor are advised to contact the U.S. Embassy in Jakarta, at Medan Merdeka Selatan 5, telephone 360-360, Extension 2050, to register their presence and receive current travel information.  In addition, those traveling to Aceh should contact the Consulate General in Medan, at Jalan Imam Bonjol 13, telephone 322-200.
 No. 92-152
This replaces the advisory dated January 14, 1992 to provide additional
              484
information on travel requirements to and within Indonesia.               139
IRAN - WARNING
February 18, 1992
The Department of State continues strongly to advise U.S. citizens to avoid all travel to Iran.  Travel to Iran continues to be dangerous because of the generally anti-American atmosphere and Iranian government hostility to the U.S. Government.  U.S. citizens traveling to Iran have been detained without charge, arrested and harassed by Iranian authorities.  Persons in Iran who violate Iranian laws, such as those concerning proper wearing apparel, may face penalties which are at times severe.
U.S./Iranian dual nationals are particularly at risk as they are considered
              255
Iranian nationals.  Dual citizens often have their U.S. passports confiscated and may be denied permission to leave Iran, or encounter other problems with Iranian authorities.  If you are the spouse or child of an Iranian citizen, you may be considered to be an Iranian citizen also, and you may be required to enter Iran using an Iranian passport.  More information on dual nationality can be obtained from the Office of Overseas Citizens Services, Department of State, Washington, D.C. 20520-4818.
The U.S. government does not have diplomatic relations with the Islamic Republic of Iran.  The Swiss Government, acting through its Embassy in Tehran, serves as the protecting power for U.S. interests in Iran.  Iranian officials have often prevented Swiss officials from providing even minimal protective services to
              599
U.S. citizens. The limited consular services provided by the U.S. Interests Section of the Swiss Embassy do not include issuing U.S. passports or visas to the U.S.  The U.S. Interests Section of the Swiss Embassy in Tehran is located at Bucharest Avenue, 17th Street, No.  5, Tehran, Iran.  The local telephone numbers are:  625-223, 625-224 and 626-906.  The U.S. Interests Section is open Sunday through Thursday.
 No. 92-026
This replaces the travel advisory of January 18, 1989, to reflect current conditions and to add information about problems dual U.S./Iranian citizens may have in Iran.               140
IRAQ - WARNING
April 8, 1992
Summary:  The Department of State strongly advises U.S. citizens to avoid all travel to Iraq.  Conditions within the country remain unsettled and dangerous.  The United States does not maintain diplomatic relations with Iraq, and the U.S. government cannot provide normal consular protective services to U.S. citizens.  U.S. passports are not valid for travel to, in or through Iraq unless they are specially endorsed by the U.S. Government.  In addition, a U.S. trade embargo severely restricts financial and economic activities with Iraq, including travel-related transactions.  End summary.
               271
Hostilities in the Gulf region ceased on February 27, 1991.  United Nations Security Council Resolution 687, adopted on April 3, 1991, set terms for a permanent ceasefire, but conditions in Iraq remain unsettled.  Travel in Iraq is extremely hazardous, particularly for U.S. citizens.
Regional conflicts continue in northern Iraq between Kurdish ethnic groups and Iraqi security forces.  In southern Iraq, governmental repression of the Shia communities is severe.
Persons contemplating travel to Iraq should be aware that there is no U.S. mission there.  The U.S. Government is not in a position to accord normal consular protective services to U.S. citizens in Iraq. U.S. Government interests
              412
are represented by the government of Poland, which as a protecting power is able to provide only limited emergency services to U.S. citizens.
On February 8, 1991, U.S. passports ceased to be valid for travel to, in or through Iraq and may not be used for that purpose unless a special validation has been obtained.  Without the requisite validation, use of a U.S. passport for travel to, in or through Iraq may constitute a violation of 18 U.S.C. 1544, and may be punishable by a fine and/or imprisonment.  An exemption to the above restriction is granted to Americans residing in Iraq as of February 8, 1991.
In addition, the Department of the Treasury prohibits all travel-related transactions by U.S. persons intending to visit Iraq, unless specifically
              413
licensed by the Office of Foreign Assets Control. The only exceptions to this licensing requirement are for journalistic activity or for U.S. Government or United Nations business.
The categories of individuals eligible for consideration for a special passport validation are set forth in 22 C.F.R. 51.74. Passport validation requests for Iraq should be forwarded in writing to the following address:
Deputy Assistant Secretary for Passport Services U.S. Department of State 1425 K Street, N.W. Washington, D.C.  20522-1705 Attn:  Office of Citizenship Appeals and Legal Assistance (Rm. 300).
               415
The request must be accompanied by supporting documentation according to the category under which validation is sought. Currently, the four categories of persons specified in 22 C.F.R. 51.74 as being eligible for consideration for passport validation are as follows:
[a]  Professional Reporters:  includes full-time members of the reporting or writing staff of a newspaper, magazine or broadcasting network whose purpose for travel is to gather information about Iraq for dissemination to the general public.  As specified in the first paragraph of this advisory, professional reporters are exempt from the prohibition on use of a U.S. passport to travel to Iraq.
               416
[b]  American Red Cross:  Applicant establishes that he or she is a representative of the American Red Cross or International Red Cross traveling pursuant to an officially sponsored Red Cross mission.
[c]  Humanitarian Considerations:  Applicant must establish that his or her trip is justified by compelling humanitarian considerations or for family unification.  At this time, "compelling humanitarian considerations" include situations where the applicant can document that an immediate family member is critically ill in Iraq.   Documentation concerning family illness must include the name and address of the relative, and be from that relative's physician attesting to the nature and gravity of the illness. "Family unification" situations may include cases in which spouses or minor children are residing in
              417
Iraq, with and dependent on, an Iraqi national spouse or parent for their support.
[d]  National Interest:  The applicant's request is otherwise found to be in the national interest.
In all requests for passport validation for travel to Iraq, the name, date and place of birth for all concerned persons must be given, as well as the U.S. passport numbers.  Documentation as outlined above should accompany all requests.  Additional information may be obtained by writing to the above address or by calling the Office of Citizenship Appeals and Legal Assistance at [202] 326-6168 or 6178.
              418U.S. Treasury Restrictions:  In August 1990 President Bush issued Executive Orders 12722 and 12724, imposing economic sanctions against Iraq including a complete trade embargo.  The U.S. Treasury Department's Office of Foreign Assets Control administers the regulations related to these sanctions, which include restrictions on all financial transactions related to travel to Iraq.  These regulations prohibit all travel-related transactions, except as specifically licensed.  The only exceptions to this licensing requirement are for persons engaged in journalism or in official U.S. Government or U.N. business.  Questions concerning these restrictions should be addressed directly to:
Licensing Section Office of Foreign Assets Control U.S. Department of the
              724
Treasury Washington, D.C. 20220 Telephone: (202) 566-2701;  Fax: (202) 377-7222
 No. 92-75
This replaces the previous travel advisory dated February 13, 1991, and advises U.S. citizens that conditions in Iraq remain unsettled and dangerous, and notes that the government of Poland is acting as the protecting power for U.S. interests.               721
There is currently no travel advisory for Ireland.               338
NORTHERN IRELAND - CANCELLATION
April 18, 1991
The travel advisory issued for Northern Ireland on November 21, 1990 is hereby canceled.
 No. 91-106
               722
There is currently no advisory in effect for Israel.  For further information, see the advisory for the West Bank, Gaza Strip and East Jerusalem.               512
ITALY - NOTICE
November 20, 1991
SUMMARY:  Hundreds of thousands of Americans visit Italy annually, and the vast majority experience no problems during their visit. The following information is intended to provide American citizens with useful guidance to ensure that their trip to Italy is an enjoyable one.  Travelers to the Middle East are warned not to take Alitalia flights AZ-762 and AZ-763 between Amman and Rome, be cause those flights make an intermediate stop in Beirut.  End summary.
PERSONAL SECURITY: --Italy is a beautiful country with little history of violent crime directed toward tourists.  Petty crime, however, is a problem, especially               513
in large cities.  Visitors should therefore take the kind of precautions they would normally take in other large cities where crime is a problem including:
--Leave your passports and valuables in a hotel safe or other secure place while enjoying the scenery.  This is the simplest and most effective precaution against theft, especially purse snatching. Should you be surrounded by a gang of noisy children on the street (a common ploy in some major tourist cities), concentrate on maintaining physical possession of your wallet/purse.
--Extra care should be taken at railway stations, while riding public transportation and when visiting major tourist attractions. Most reported thefts occur on public buses or at the major railway stations, including Rome's
              524
Termini, Milan's Centrale, Florence's Santa Maria Novella, and the Centrale in Naples.
--Thieves usually work in pairs.  Purses are often snatched from pedestrians, cyclists, and even from moving vehicles.  The snatcher grabs an exposed purse, wallet or package and flees, often to a waiting motorcycle driven by an accomplice.
PRECAUTIONS: --  Do not carry a purse. --  Keep valuables in front pockets. --  Carry only enough cash for the day's needs. --  Be aware of who is around you, especially when faced with crowds of children. --  Make copies of your passport, travelers checks, airline tickets, and credit cards, and keep the copies
              525
separate from the originals.
CAR BREAK-INS: --Every car can be a target, whether parked, stopped at a traffic light, or even while moving.  Thieves have been known to open the door or break a window of a car stopped in traffic in order to grab a purse or package.  Even purses tucked beneath the car seat have been stolen in such a manner.  Thieves on motorbikes have even smashed the windows of moving cars and stolen items inside.
--Travelers should be wary when driving in parts of southern Italy. There have been many incidents of thefts from vehicles.  Often, shortly after the potential victim has paid a toll or stopped at a gas station, a passing car or motorcycle
              527
driver indicates that the tourist's car has a problem with a rear tire (where there often really is a problem, since the thieves may in fact have previously punctured the tire).  The friendly driver and  an accomplice volunteer to help, and while one thief is distracting the car's occupants by assisting, the other is stealing luggage and other valuables.
PRECAUTIONS: --  Do not leave any valuables visible in your car. --  Lock valuables in the trunk before setting out. --  Always assume you are being watched. --  Lock the car even at brief stops.
MEDICAL:   While the level of amenities and services are not comparable to U.S. hospitals, medical facilities in Italy are adequate to deal with any emergencies
              528
which may arise.  Many of the hospitals in major cities have at least some personnel who speak English.  Most hospitals are government operated, with patients billed some time after discharge.  Private hospitals often expect cash payment before discharge; neither credit cards nor foreign medical coverage are generally accepted.  Tourists are expected to settle their bills on the spot and submit claims to their insurance companies upon their return to the U.S.  Before traveling abroad, you should determine the degree of your medical insurance policy's coverage outside of the U.S., and consider the purchase of additional coverage, especially if you have special medical needs.
U.S. EMBASSY AND CONSULATE ASSISTANCE:  If you encounter problems, call the Consular Section at the Embassy in Rome, telephone (6) 46741, or one of the
              529
Consulates General in Milan, (2) 2900-4559; Naples, (81) 761-4303; or Florence,  (55) 239-8276/9.  The city code in parentheses should be omitted if calling from within the listed city.
SPECIAL NOTICE FOR TRAVELERS TO THE MIDDLE EAST:   The Department of State has learned that Alitalia flights AZ-762 from Rome to Amman, and AZ-763 from Amman to Rome, make an intermediate stop in Beirut.  American citizens should not board these flights because U.S. passports are invalid for travel to, in or through Lebanon and may not be used for that purpose unless a special validation is obtained.  This prohibition exists because the situation in Lebanon is so dangerous that no U.S. citizen can be considered safe from terrorist acts.  Use of a U.S. passport for travel to, in or through Lebanon may constitute a
              531
violation of 18 USC 1544, and be punishable by a fine and/or imprisonment.
 No. 91-224
This amends the advisory issued October 24, 1991 to alert travelers to the need to take precautions against petty crime in Italy.
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article !               736
Cote D'Ivoire - Notice
April 17, 1992Summary:  The Department of State advises U.S. citizens to be aware of increasing crime in the principal towns and cities of Cote D'Ivoire.  Robbery, burglary, and automobile theft are the most common offenses.  Armed criminals have used force when faced with resistance.  End summary.
While most tourist and business travelers in Cote D'Ivoire experience no problems, street crime of the "grab and run" variety and pickpocketing in crowded areas have increased.  Travelers should carry only photocopies of key
              737
documents, leave originals in the hotel safe, limit the amount of cash or travelers checks on their person, and avoid displaying jewelry and expensive cameras.
Travelers to the capital city, Abidjan, should exercise special caution after dark in the Treichville area and in the Plateau business district.  Many hotels, restaurants, nightclubs and supermarkets provide security guards to escort and protect clients and their vehicles; be particularly alert when visiting places which do not provide such service.  Pedestrians are advised to avoid using the De Gaulle and Houphouet-Boigny bridges, even during the day.
Direct or indirect request for bribes from police and other security officials
              738
are commonplace, especially at highway checkpoints and near Abidjan's Port Bouet Airport.  Drivers should strictly obey traffic regulations, and carry their automobile registration, driving permit, and insurance papers to avoid unnecessary difficulties.
All U.S. citizens, particularly those living or traveling outside the capital, are encouraged to register with the American Embassy's Consular Section.  The U.S. Embassy is located at 5 Rue Jesse Owens, near the Stadium in the Plateau Section of Abidjan.  Telephone: 21-09-79, FAX: 22-32-59.  The Consular Section is open to the public Monday through Friday, 8 - 12:30 and 1:30 - 3:30.  Emergency calls are taken 24 hours a day.
               739
No. 92-087                72
JAMAICA - TRAVEL NOTICE
August 14, 1991
The level of crime in Kingston, Jamaica's capital, is a serious problem for some travelers and exceeds the level of criminal activity elsewhere in the Caribbean. Tourists and other visitors should take this situation into account and exercise prudence.  In particular, visitors should not walk around at night and, except for licensed taxicabs, should avoid public transportation.
In the north coast tourist areas, visitors should display the same degree of vigilance as in the tourist centers elsewhere.  Particular care should be exercised at isolated villas and small establishments, and public transportation
              467
should be avoided.
 No. 91-162
The issuance of this advisory alerts Americans to increased criminal activity in Jamaica.               581
There is currently no travel advisory in effect for Japan.               353
JORDAN - WARNING
August 21, 1992
Tension in the Persian Gulf region has increased as a result of Iraq's growing pattern of defiance of U.N. Security Council resolutions.  In view of these circumstances, U.S. citizens are advised to defer non-essential travel to Jordan, due to the increased risk of possible terrorist acts directed against the U.S. government or U.S. citizens in the area.
U.S. citizens in Jordan should contact the U.S. Embassy in Amman to register their presence and to receive detailed information on the local situation.  The Embassy is located in Abdoun, telephone 644-371.
              310No. 92-160
This replaces the previous travel advisory dated March 17, 1992, to warn of the increased risk of possible terrorist attacks due to increased tension in the Persian Gulf region.               651
KAZAKHSTAN - CAUTION
March 25, 1992
SUMMARY.  U.S. citizens planning to visit Kazakhstan or the other former Soviet republics should be aware that the region is undergoing profound political and economic change.  U.S. citizens should avoid demonstrations or other signs of political unrest, and should stay abreast of current developments while in the region, in order to be ready to react to evolving events.  As always when traveling, tourists should take precautions against theft.  U.S. citizens in frail health are strongly advised not to visit the region because of severe shortages of basic medical supplies. Internal travel, especially by air, may be disrupted by fuel shortages and other economic difficulties.  END SUMMARY.
              652Internal Travel Disruptions.  Beginning in late 1991, fuel shortages made airline travel to, from and within Kazakhstan increasingly erratic.  It can be difficult to make alternative arrangements for departure from the region if flights are canceled or delayed.
Visas.  At this time, all travelers to the former Soviet Union, including Kazakhstan, must have a visa issued by a Russian Embassy or Consulate.  Travelers who do not have a visa cannot register at any hotel and will be required to leave the country immediately, via the route by which they entered the country.  U.S. citizens should contact the Russian Embassy in Washington (202-939-8916) or the Russian Consulate in San Francisco (415-922-6642) for
              653
current information on visa requirements.  U.S. citizens should obtain their visas in the U.S.; it can be difficult and time consuming to obtain a visa in a third country.
"Tips for Travelers to the U.S.S.R.":  U.S. citizens planning a trip to Kazakhstan may wish to obtain a copy of the State Department's "Tips for Travelers to the U.S.S.R.," which is currently being revised.  Much of the information, however is still valid for the newly independent states.  This pamphlet provides information about passport and visa requirements, recommended inoculations and vaccinations, health precautions, customs and currency regulations, crime and personal security and other matters of general interest.  The pamphlet also contains specific information for dual nationals of the U.S.
              654
and the former U.S.S.R. "Tips for Travelers to the U.S.S.R." can be ordered for $1.00 each from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402.  Travelers should also check with Intourist (212-757-3884) or the State Department's Office of Overseas Citizen Services (202-647-5225) for current information before traveling.
Personal Security:  Although officials in Kazakhstan have expressed their readiness to cooperate with U.S. officials in the event of an emergency involving a U.S. citizen, communications and transportation can be slow and difficult, and the nearest U.S. officials in some cases may be more than a day's travel away.  As always when traveling, tourists should take precautions against theft.
              656Medical care in the region does not meet western standards.  There is a severe shortage of basic medical supplies, including disposable needles, anesthetics and antibiotics.  Tourists in frail health are strongly advised not to visit.  The "Tips for Travelers to the U.S.S.R." contains additional information on health care in the region.
The U.S. has opened an Embassy in Alma-Ata, the capital of Kazakhstan.  The U.S. Embassy is located in the Hotel Kazakhstan, and is currently providing limited consular services to U.S. citizens in Kazakhstan.  U.S. citizens in need of emergency services may contact the U.S. Embassy at 3272-619-025.  All U.S. citizens visiting Kazakhstan should register with the U.S. Embassy.
              657 No. 92-063
This advisory replaces the travel advisory dated December 24, 1991, for the U.S.S.R., to advise U.S. citizens of concerns specific to travel in Kazakhstan.               114
KENYA  - WARNING
 May 12, 1992Summary:  The Department of State advises U.S. citizens to exercise caution when visiting Kenya and its game parks.  Avoid travel to the Masai Mara game reserve at this time, as serious incidents have recently occurred with robbery as the principal motive.  In addition, travelers should be aware of increased political tension, civil unrest and ethnic clashes.  End Summary.
U.S. citizens should be aware that there are periodic reports of attacks on tourists in or near Kenya's game reserves, particularly in the Masai Mara. 
              120
Robbery, accompanied in some instances by violence, is generally the motive.  During the past year, these incidents have mostly involved single vehicle safaris.  Recently, six Americans traveling in a lone tour van were abducted, terrorized and robbed in the Masai Mara.  U.S. citizens should avoid the Masai Mara until security there improves.  If U.S. citizens decide to visit the Masai Mara, the Department of State strongly recommends that they do so only in multi-vehicle safaris under the auspices and direction of reputable tour companies and operators.  Single vehicle safaris and solo camping should be avoided.  Those wishing to view wildlife have many other possibilities in Kenya, particularly in those areas which are part of the National Park system, where the Kenya Wildlife Service has a record of providing good security.
               339
U.S. citizens resident in Kenya are also advised to stay attuned to political developments.  In recent weeks, political tensions have increased, resulting in violence.  Populations have been displaced, and public services have been disrupted.  Most of these incidents have occurred in western Kenya, although spontaneous rioting has also taken place in parts of Nairobi.  The most recent and serious incidents have affected the community of Molo in Nakuru District, disrupting travel between Molo and Nakuru.  U.S. citizens should also avoid locations where political rallies and demonstrations are being held, as such events have the potential for localized disturbance.  In general, the locations concerned are not frequented by tourists, and violence has not been directed against foreigners. Nevertheless, U.S. citizens planning travel anywhere in Kenya should take precautions to see that they do not accidentally become caught
              410
in the middle of such a demonstration.
In addition, visitors to Nairobi, Mombasa, and the coastal beach resorts need to be alert to widespread street crime, which is mostly of the "grab and run" variety, and to confidence scams perpetrated by individuals pretending to be police or other government agency officials.  As advisable wherever such crime is a problem, U.S. citizens touring these areas should not walk alone if at all practical.  At night, U.S. citizens should avoid walking in public parks, along footpaths or beaches, and in poorly lit areas.  U.S. citizens intending to live in Kenya should be aware of the high incidence of residential break-ins and should take appropriate security precautions.
               426
Travelers are cautioned that Kenyan currency may not be taken out of the country, and is sometimes difficult to exchange for dollars upon departure.  Destruction of Kenyan currency is also strictly against the law and likely to be prosecuted.
The U.S. Embassy in Nairobi and the Consulate in Mombasa are prepared to offer more specific information to U.S. visitors, who should register their presence upon arrival in Kenya.  The Embassy is located at the intersection of Moi and Haile Selassie Avenues in Nairobi, telephone 334141.  The consulate is located at Palli House on Nyerere Avenue in Mombasa, telephone 315101.
  No. 92-103.
              745This replaces the previous travel advisory dated March 4, 1992, to advise U.S. citizens of spreading political disturbances, and to add beach resort areas to the list of places where caution against crime should be exercised.               612
There is currently no travel advisory in effect for Kiribati.               225
NORTH KOREA - WARNING
July 27, 1992
The United States does not recognize the government of North Korea and does not maintain diplomatic or consular relations with North Korean authorities.  Because no third country represents United States interests in North Korea, the United States government is not in a position to accord normal consular protective services to U.S. citizens in North Korea.
U.S. passports are valid for travel to North Korea.  However, it is the traveler's responsibility to apply for the required visa.
                17
Financial transactions by U.S. individuals in North Korea are restricted.  All commercial transactions, with the exception of international trade in publications and other informational materials, require U.S. government licensing.  Under the Foreign Assets Control Regulations administered by the Treasury Department, individuals may only spend money in North Korea to purchase items related to travel, such as hotel accommodations, meals and goods for personal consumption by the traveler in North Korea, and are restricted to a per diem of 200 U.S. dollars, excluding international and inter-city transportation and international telecommunication expenses.  In addition, a traveler returning from North Korea may bring back into the United States as accompanied baggage 100 U.S. dollars worth of merchandise in non-commercial quantities, as well as informational materials without limitation. However, receipts should be kept to
               51
document any goods purchased in North Korea and made available to the U.S. Customs Service when entry is made into the United States.
U.S. regulations prohibit use of credit and other charge cards in North Korea, even for living expenses or for the purchase of goods used by the traveler.
U.S. travel service providers are prohibited from arranging, promoting, or facilitating tours to North Korea unless specifically licensed by the U.S. Treasury Department to provide travel services to groups or individuals involved in academic, sports, cultural, family reunion, or certain other noncommercial activities.  The only transaction that a U.S. travel service provider is permitted to perform without a specific Treasury license is the booking of
               89
passage for an individual traveler to North Korea aboard a third-country "non-blocked carrier."  A non-blocked carrier is any carrier other than a Libyan, Cuban, Iraqi, Yugoslav, Vietnamese, or North Korean carrier.  No direct transportation services to North Korea are available from or authorized for U.S. carriers.  Travelers are cautioned against signing up for a tour group destined for North Korea which is sponsored by or affiliated with a U.S. person without first checking with the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the U.S. Treasury Department.
This advisory provides only general guidance regarding applicable Treasury regulations.  Individuals contemplating travel to North Korea are encouraged to contact the Department of the Treasury for further information at:
              103Licensing Division Office of Foreign Assets Control Department of Treasury 1500 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Treasury Annex Washington, D.C. 20220 [TEL: 202/622-2480; FAX: 202/622-1657]
DUAL CITIZENSHIP:  U.S. citizens who were born in North Korea or who were at one time citizens of North Korea, and the children of such persons may be considered dual nationals by North Korean authorities and may, therefore, be subject to North Korean laws. These laws may impose special obligations upon North Korean nationals, e.g., military service, taxes.  The State Department is unaware of any such cases in recent memory.
               104
U.S. citizens contemplating travel to North Korea should carry only U.S. passports with the proper visa affixed.  Under no condition should U.S. citizens accept travel documents which identify them as citizens of North Korea.
Specific questions on dual nationality may be directed to the Office of Citizens Consular Services, Department of State, Washington, D.C.  20520.  [Phone:  202/647-3675].
 No. 92-150
This  replaces the previous travel advisory dated December 21, 1991.  It reflects changes in the restrictions on certain commercial transactions,
              106
includes Iraq and Yugoslavia in the list of blocked carrier nations, and deletes Cambodia from that list.               613
There is currently no travel advisory in effect for South Korea.               116
KUWAIT - WARNING
March 5, 1992
Summary:  Conditions have improved greatly in Kuwait since the end of the Gulf War, and much of the country has returned to normal. However, visitors must be aware of the continued danger from the presence of unexploded land mines, bombs, and shells throughout the country and the city.  U.S.  citizens should avoid the Iraq/Kuwait border because of the risk of prolonged detention by Iraqi authorities.  End Summary.
Day to day life in Kuwait has returned to normal.  Public services such as water, electricity, telephones, police, fire protection, and postal service have
              117
been restored, but are not yet up to pre-invasion standards.  Because of contamination of the water supply, bottled water should be purchased for drinking, or else tap water should be filtered and boiled before drinking.  Daily flights from Europe and the Middle East are available but schedules may be inconvenient and reservations difficult to obtain.  Kuwaiti visas are required for U.S. citizens traveling to Kuwait and airport visas are not available.
Due to the presence of unexploded ordnance, U.S. citizens should exercise care when traveling throughout Kuwait.  In Kuwait City, travelers should stay on main roads and avoid open areas and beaches.  Minefields, booby traps, and unexploded ordnance are present in most areas.  Outside Kuwait City, U.S. citizens are strongly urged to stay only on paved surfaces.  Personnel of the U.S. Embassy
              123
have been forbidden to travel off paved surfaces.
U.S. citizens are warned to avoid all travel into the demilitarized zone (DMZ) at the Kuwait/Iraq border.  Extreme care should be taken if traveling north from Kuwait City to avoid going near the border. The border with Iraq is not well marked and the guards at Kuwaiti checkpoints, where they exist, may not advise travelers that they are approaching the border.  In several recent incidents, U.S. citizens working near the border were detained by Iraqi security forces for lengthy periods under harsh conditions.  The U.S. Government has no relations with Iraq at this time and the release of the U.S. citizens was only obtained through the intervention of international organizations.  Anyone who must travel near the DMZ is strongly advised to notify family, friends, colleagues, and the
              462
U.S. Embassy in Kuwait of their intention.
The security situation in Kuwait has improved since the end of the Gulf War.  However, a large amount of weaponry was left behind by the Iraqis and remains in the hands of private citizens.  U.S. citizens are not targeted for attack, but should nonetheless be aware of the problem and exercise caution at all times.
The crime rate in Kuwait has increased from prewar levels.  Women have been the object of an unusual amount of harassment since the liberation.  The U.S. Embassy recommends that American women in Kuwait act as they would in any major American city-- be alert to the possibility they may be followed, avoid travel alone in unfamiliar or isolated parts of the city, (especially at night), and do
              475
not respond to the approaches of strangers, etc.
All U.S. citizens who travel to Kuwait should register with the U.S. Embassy in Kuwait City upon arrival.  The Embassy is prepared to provide all consular services to U.S. citizens and is open Sunday through Thursday from 8:00 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. The phone number is 242-4151 through 4159 (country code 965).
No. 92-38
This replaces the travel advisory dated October 12, 1991, to note improved conditions in Kuwait, to delete reference to air pollution from oil fires, to warn against traveling near the Iraqi border because of the potential for
              493
prolonged detention under harsh conditions by Iraqi security forces, and to report an increase in crime and harassment against women.               658
KYRGYZSTAN - CAUTION
March 25, 1992
SUMMARY.  U.S. citizens planning to visit Kyrgyzstan or the other former Soviet republics should be aware that the region is undergoing profound political and economic change.  U.S. citizens should avoid demonstrations or other signs of political unrest, and should stay abreast of current developments, in order to be ready to react to evolving events.  As always when traveling, tourists should take precautions against theft.  U.S. citizens in frail health are strongly advised not to visit the region because of severe shortages of basic medical supplies.  Internal travel, especially by air, may be disrupted by fuel shortages and other economic difficulties.  END SUMMARY.
              659Internal Travel Disruptions.  Beginning in late 1991, fuel shortages made airline travel to, from and within Kyrgyzstan increasingly erratic.  It can be difficult to make alternative arrangements for departure from the region if flights are canceled or delayed.
Visas.  At this time, all travelers to the former Soviet Union, including Kyrgyzstan, must have a visa issued by a Russian Embassy or Consulate.  Travelers who do not have a visa cannot register at any hotel and will be required to leave the country immediately, via the route by which they entered the country.  U.S. citizens should contact the Russian Embassy in Washington (202-939-8916) or the
Russian consulate in San Francisco (415-922-6642) for               660
current information on visa requirements.  U.S. citizens should obtain their visas in the U.S.; it can be difficult and time consuming to obtain a visa in a third country.
"Tips for Travelers to the U.S.S.R.":  U.S. citizens planning a trip to Kyrgyzstan may wish to obtain a copy of the State Department's "Tips for Travelers to the U.S.S.R.," which is currently being revised.  Much of the information, however is still valid for the newly independent states.  This pamphlet provides information about passport and visa requirements, recommended inoculations and vaccinations, health precautions, customs and currency regulations, crime and personal security and other matters of general interest.  The pamphlet also contains specific information for dual nationals of the U.S.
              661
and the former U.S.S.R. "Tips for Travelers to the U.S.S.R." can be ordered for $1.00 each from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402.  Travelers should also check with Intourist (212-757-3884) or the State Department's Office of Overseas Citizen Services (202-647-5225) for current information before traveling.
Personal Security:  Although officials in Kyrgyzstan have expressed their readiness to cooperate with U.S. officials in the event of an emergency involving a U.S. citizen, communications and transportation can be slow and difficult.  As always when traveling, tourists should take precautions against theft.
               663
Medical care in the region does not meet western standards.  There is a severe shortage of basic medical supplies, including disposable needles, anesthetics and antibiotics.  Tourists in frail health are strongly advised not to visit.  The "Tips for Travelers to the U.S.S.R." contains additional information on health care in the region.
The U.S. has opened an Embassy in Bishkek, the capital of Kyrgyzstan.  The U.S. Embassy is located at Derzhinskiy Prospekt #66, and is currently providing limited consular services
to U.S. citizens in Kyrgyzstan.  U.S. citizens in need of emergency services may contact the U.s. Embassy at 3312-222-270.  All U.S. citizens visiting Kyrgyzstan should register with the U.S. Embassy.
              664
 No. 92-065
This advisory replaces the travel advisory dated December 24, 1991, for the U.S.S.R., to advise U.S. citizens of concerns specific to travel in Kyrgyzstan.               588
               620
There is currently no travel advisory in effect for Laos.               471
LATVIA - NOTICE
June 19, 1992
SUMMARY:  The U.S. Embassy in Latvia has moved into permanent facilities.  Latvian visas may now be obtained in Washington, D.C., and are also valid for Estonia and Lithuania.  Visas for other former Soviet Republics must be obtained before arriving in Latvia. Medical care in Latvia does not meet Western standards.  Travelers should be prepared to pay in cash for all goods and services obtained in Latvia.  END SUMMARY.
The U.S. Embassy has moved into permanent facilities, and can provide limited consular services, including emergency assistance, to U.S. citizens.  U.S.
              472
citizens residing or traveling in Latvia are encouraged to register with the Embassy upon arrival.  The Embassy is located at 7 Raina Boulevard, 226050 Riga, Latvia.  The Consular Section may be reached at 210-006.
The three Baltic states - Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia - have established a reciprocal visa policy, under which a valid visa for any of the three will be accepted for admission.  For further information concerning visas, contact the Embassy of the Republic of Latvia, 4325 17th St. NW, Wash., DC 20011, tel. (202) 726-8213. Travelers who plan to enter Russia or any of the other former Soviet Republics except Ukraine must obtain Russian visas before entering these countries, or they will not be allowed to register at hotels and will be required to depart the country immediately via the same route they arrived. 
              478
They may also be fined up to $350 (U.S.). Russian visas are not available in Riga.  Visas are also not available on trains to the former Soviet Republics.  Travelers are advised that the train from Riga to Poland crosses the territory of Belarus, and that travelers on this train who do not have Russian visas have been removed from the train and sent out of Belarus.
Travelers should be aware that medical care in Latvia does not meet Western standards, and may require hard currency payment.  There is a severe shortage of basic medical supplies, including disposable needles, anesthetics and antibiotics.  Tourists in frail health are strongly advised not to visit.
Latvia is still largely a cash-only economy.  However, as of June 1, foreigners
              768
in Latvia can use travelers checks and some credit cards in hard currency stores and hotels.
 No. 92-129
This replaces the advisory issued October 24, 1991, to inform U.S. citizens that the U.S. Embassy in Riga has moved into permanent facilities, and to advise travelers about visa requirements and currency limitations.                32
LEBANON - WARNING
December 20, 1991
The Department of State advises U.S. citizens to avoid all travel to Lebanon.  While all of the remaining American hostages have been released, the organizations which abducted them continue to operate within the country.  The situation in Lebanon is still so dangerous that no U.S. citizen can be considered safe from terrorist acts. The U.S. Embassy in Beirut is not fully staffed and
personnel remain there under exceptionally tight security.  Due to the limited staff and heightened security, the Embassy cannot perform normal consular functions.  In addition, local telephone service is highly unreliable and it is extremely difficult to contact the Embassy by phone or to place a                10
local call from most of the country.
The Department of State has learned that several international carriers are now making intermediate stops in Beirut.  U.S. citizens are advised not to board such flights because of the danger of traveling to or transiting Lebanon.  Such stops are not always announced.  Travelers should therefore inquire, before making travel arrangements in the region, whether a flight will make a stop in Beirut.  Travelers are reminded that U.S. passports are not valid for travel to, in or through Lebanon, which includes landing at the Beirut airport.
U.S. passports remain invalid for travel to, in or through Lebanon and may not be used for that purpose unless a special validation has been obtained.  Use of
               11
a U.S. passport for travel to, in, or through Lebanon may constitute a violation of 18 U.S.C. 1544, and be punishable by a fine and/or imprisonment.
Exceptions to this restriction are being reviewed carefully on a case-by-case basis.  The categories of individuals eligible for consideration for a special validation are set forth in 22 C.F.R. 51.74.  Passport validation requests for Lebanon should be forwarded in writing to the following address:
Ms. Pamela J. Covington Deputy Assistant Secretary for Passport Services U.S. Department of State 1425 K Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20522-1705 Attn:  Office of Citizenship Appeals and Legal Assistance (Rm. 300).
                21
The request must be accompanied by substantiating documentation according to the category under which validation is sought.  The four regulatory categories are as follows:
[1]  Professional Reporter:  Includes full-time members of the reporting or writing staff of a newspaper, magazine or broadcasting network whose purpose for travel is to gather information about Lebanon for dissemination to the general public.  The request must come from the applicant's employer, and contain information attesting to the reporter's status with that organization.
[2]  American Red Cross:  Applicant establishes that he or she is a representative of the American Red Cross or International Red Cross traveling
               25
pursuant to an officially sponsored Red Cross mission.
[3]  Humanitarian Considerations:  Applicant must establish that his or her trip is justified by compelling humanitarian considerations.  At this time, "compelling humanitarian considerations" are being interpreted as either those situations where the applicant can document that an immediate family member is critically ill in Lebanon, or "family unification" cases where spouses or minor children are residing in Lebanon, with and dependent on, a Lebanese national spouse or parent for their support.  Documentation concerning family illness must include the name and address of the relative, and be from that relative's physician attesting to the nature and gravity of the illness.
                31
[4]  National Interest:  The applicant's request is otherwise found to be in the national interest.
In all requests for passport validation for travel to Lebanon, the name, date and place of birth for all concerned persons must be given, as well as the U.S. passport numbers, if any exist. Documentation as outlined above should accompany all requests. Additional information may be obtained by writing to the above address or by calling the Office of Citizenship Appeals and Legal Assistance at [202] 326-6178 or 326-6168.
 No. 91-247
                44
This replaces the travel advisory dated October 12, 1991 and reflects the release of all remaining U.S. hostages and reminds travelers that the situation in Lebanon is still so dangerous that no U.S. citizen can be considered safe from terrorist acts.               730
There is currently no advisory in effect for the Leeward Islands.               641
Lesotho - Caution
March 20, 1992
The Department of State urges U.S. citizens to exercise caution when visiting Lesotho, especially when traveling at night. Deteriorating economic conditions in the country, aggravated by the return of large numbers of unemployed miners from South Africa, have caused a noticeable increase in the frequency of armed robberies, break-ins, and auto thefts, primarily in the capital, Maseru.  While Americans as such have not been singled out as victims, foreigners have been targeted.  Victims have included numerous members of the diplomatic corps and foreign aid missions:  in recent weeks an American has been shot, a French woman and an Irish man have been kidnapped, and a Swedish woman has been killed, all
              642
during auto thefts.
Americans planning to visit Lesotho should exercise great care when traveling, especially at night, and should never travel alone.  They should register upon arrival with the American Embassy at 254 Kingsway, Maseru West, telephone number 312-666.
 No. 92-55               188
LIBERIA - WARNING
March 5, 1992
The Department of State advises U.S. citizens to defer all nonessential travel to Liberia.  A tenuous ceasefire continues to hold among the former warring factions in the civil war, and progress towards a permanent solution has been made.  The West African Peace Monitoring Group (ECOMOG) provides security only in the city of Monrovia.  There has been a limited deployment of ECOMOG forces to some locations outside of Monrovia.  The Department of State warns U.S. citizens to avoid travel into Liberia's interior, except as approved by the National Patriotic Front of Liberia (NPFL), and even then, special caution is advised as prior NPFL permission may not be honored.  NPFL approval for travel
              100
into the interior may be by an actual permit, a phone call to the traveler's destination, or escort by a member of the NPFL.
Presently, only two partially-open roads lead from Monrovia into areas of the country controlled by the NPFL:  The Monrovia-Kakata Road and the Monrovia-Bomi Hills Road.  Other road travel outside Monrovia is still largely restricted, except as discussed above. Overland routes to neighboring countries are not open, unless explicitly approved by the NPFL.  Many travelers, including U.S. citizens, have been detained, harassed and delayed by the NPFL.
Roberts International Airport (outside of Monrovia) remains closed. Limited air service exists only between Springs Payne Field in Monrovia and Abidjan, Cote
               354
D'Ivoire; Conakry, Guinea and Freetown, Sierra Leone.  No major international air carriers serve Spriggs Payne Field.
Lodging, water, electricity, fuel, transportation, telephone and postal services continue to be disrupted in Monrovia.  Such services are nonexistent or severely limited in rural areas.
Foreigners in Monrovia, including U.S. citizens, have been targets of street crime, and their homes subject to breaking and entering.
All U.S. citizens in Liberia should register with the U.S. Embassy, 111 U.N. Drive, Mamba Point, Monrovia, telephone 222991 through 222994
!
              494No. 92-39
This replaces the advisory dated July 12, 1991 to note the limited reopening of limited ECOMOG forces to some locations outside of Monrovia, and the need to take precautions against street crime and burglary.               145
LIBYA - WARNING
May 12, 1992
Summary:  The U.S. Government strongly advises American citizens in Libya to depart immediately.  U.S. and United Nations sanctions severely restrict transportation into and out of the country.  U.S. passports are not valid for travel to, in or through Libya unless they are endorsed by the U.S. government.  All financial and commercial transactions with Libya are prohibited, unless licensed by the Office of Foreign Assets Control, U.S. Treasury Department. Currently, the United States has no embassy in Libya.  End Summary.
The U.S. Government strongly advises American citizens in Libya to depart
               50
immediately.  U.N. Security Council sanctions against Libya, including an air embargo, took effect on April 15, 1992.  U.N. Security Council Resolution 748, passed on March 31, 1992, imposed sanctions on Libya until Libya fully complies with the provisions of U.N. Resolution 731 and 748, adopted on January 21, 1992. U.N. Security Council Resolution 731 was adopted in response to Libyan involvement in the bombings of Pan Am flight 103 and UTA flight 772.
The U.S. cannot predict if or when Libya will comply with the U.N. demands.  Since April 15, when air links were discontinued, it has become difficult to leave Libya.
On December 11, 1981, U.S. passports ceased to be valid for travel to, in or through Libya and may not be used for that purpose unless a special validation
               52
is obtained from the U.S. State Department. Without the required validation, use of a U.S. passport for travel to, in or through Libya may constitute a violation of 18 U.S.C. 1544, and be punishable by fines and/or imprisonment.
The categories of individuals eligible for consideration for a special passport validation are set forth in 22 C.F.R. 51.74. Passport validation requests for Libya should be forwarded in writing to the following address:
Deputy Assistant Secretary for Passport Services U.S. Department of State 1425 K Street, N.W. (Room 300) Washington, D.C.  20522-1705 Attn:  Office of Citizenship Appeals and Legal Assistance 202/326-6168 or 202/326-6178
                59
Each request must be accompanied by supporting documentation according to the category under which the validation is sought and include names, dates and place of birth, and U.S. passport numbers.
The categories which may be considered for passport validation are:
[1]  Professional Reporters:  Including full-time members of the reporting or writing staff of a newspaper, magazine, or broadcasting network whose purpose for travel is to gather information about Libya for dissemination to the general public.  Such a request must come from the applicant's employer,
and contain information attesting to the reporter's status with that organization.
               66
[2]  American Red Cross:  Applicant establishes that he or she is a representative of the American Red Cross or International Red Cross traveling pursuant to an officially sponsored Red Cross Mission. Applicants in this category should note that even if passport validation is approved, U.S. Treasury requirements also exist in this regard and applicants must obtain a specific license to engage in this activity from the Office of Foreign Assets Control, U.S. Treasury Department.
[3]  Compelling humanitarian considerations:  Applicant must establish that his or her trip is justified by compelling humanitarian considerations.  At this time, "compelling humanitarian considerations" include situations where the applicant can document that an immediate family member is critically ill in
               83
Libya. Documentation concerning family illness must include the name and address of the relative, and be from that relative's physician attesting to the nature and gravity of the illness.  "Family unification" situations may include cases in which spouses or minor children are residing in Libya, with and dependent on, a Libyan national spouse or parent for their support.  Travelers in this category are also required to register with the Office of Foreign Assets control, U.S. Treasury Department, or with the Embassy of Belgium in Tripoli upon arrival.
[4]  National Interest:  The applicant's request is otherwise found to be in the national interest.  Applicants in this category should note that even if passport validation is approved, U.S. Treasury requirements also exist in this
              399
regard and applicants must obtain a specific license to engage in this activity from the Office of Foreign Assets Control, U.S. Treasury Department.
On January 7, 1986, the President imposed sanctions against Libya, which are administered by the U.S. Treasury Department, prohibiting all travel-related transactions with respect to Libya for U.S. citizens and permanent resident aliens.  There are limited exceptions for Libyan nationals' family members who register with the Treasury Department's Office of Foreign Assets Control or with the Embassy of Belgium in Tripoli, and for full-time journalists. As of February 1, 1986, the President further prohibited transactions by U.S. persons relating to transportation to or from Libya, and the sale in the United States of air transportation including any stop in Libya became illegal under the
              639
International Emergency Economic Powers Act, 50 U.S.C. 1701.  Additionally, all financial and commercial transactions by U.S. persons anywhere in the world with Libya are prohibited.  This includes working in Libya, providing a service of any nature to Libya, or participating in an unauthorized transaction of any kind involving property in which Libya has an interest.  Violations of the Libyan sanctions may result in penalties, fines and/or imprisonment.
Under the Libyan Sanctions Regulations and in addition to any passport validation issued by the Department of State, the U.S. Treasury Department requires that U.S. citizens and legal permanent residents, who are immediate family members of Libyan nationals and who wish to travel to Libya, must file a registration letter prior to their trip with the Office of Foreign Assets
              749
Control or with the Embassy of Belgium in Tripoli.  The registration must contain the following information:
[1]  name, date and place of birth of the person registering [including the name under which a registrant's most recent U.S. passport was issued, if that is different];
[2]  if applicable, place and date of the registrant's naturalization as a U.S. citizen, and the number of the registrant's naturalization certi ficate, or, for permanent resident aliens, the Alien Registration Number of the registrant's Alien Registration Receipt Card;
              750
[3]  the name, relationship, and address of the immediate family member in Libya whose relationship forms the basis for the registrant's eligibility; and
[4]  the number and issue date of the registrant's current U.S. passport, and the most recent date on which the passport was validated by the U.S. Department of State for travel to Libya.  The Treasury Department may be contacted at the following address and phone number:
Chief of Licensing Office of Foreign Assets Control U.S. Department of the Treasury 1500 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W. Washington, D.C.  20220 202/535-9449
While the U.S. government warns against travel to Libya, persons who must travel
              752
to Libya need to be aware that there is no U.S. mission in Libya.  Normal protection of U.S. citizens by U.S. diplomatic and consular representatives is not available to Americans traveling in Libya. U.S. interests are represented by the Government of Belgium which, as protecting power, can provide only limited emergency services.
 No. 92-101
This replaces the travel advisory dated April 3, 1992, to advise that the United Nations Security Council has imposed sanctions on Libya effective April 15, 1992, including an air embargo involving the severance of air links to Libya, and to explain more fully the nature and scope of economic sanctions against
              753
Libya.               766
There is currently no advisory in effect for Lichtenstein.               479
LITHUANIA - NOTICE
June 19, 1992
Summary:   The U.S. Embassy in Vilnius, Lithuania has moved into permanent facilities, and can provide a limited range of consular services to U.S. citizens, including emergency assistance.  Medical care in Lithuania does not meet Western standards, presenting a potential risk to those in frail health.  Street crime has recently increased in Vilnius.  Travelers to Lithuania can obtain a Lithuanian visa at the Lithuanian Embassy in Washington, D.C., or upon arrival at the Vilnius Airport.  Visas for Russia cannot be obtained in Lithuania.  Rail passengers from Warsaw to Moscow are advised that they should not purchase round-trip tickets with open returns.  End Summary.
              480The U.S. Embassy in Vilnius, Lithuania, has moved into permanent facilities, and can provide a limited range of consular services to U.S. citizens, including emergency assistance.  U.S. citizens residing or traveling in Lithuania should register with the Embassy at 6 Akmenu Street, 232600 Vilnius, telephone number 223-031.
Medical care in Lithuania does not meet Western standards.  There is a shortage of basic medical supplies, including antibiotics and surgical instruments.  Tourists in frail health or requiring special medications face potential risks to their well-being.
               481
Lithuania is still a cash-only economy.  Only two banks in Vilnius will cash travelers checks, charging a five percent fee for this service.  No restaurants and few hotels accept credit cards.
The three Baltic states - Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia - have established a reciprocal visa policy, under which a valid visa for any of the three will be accepted for admission.  Russian visas, however, cannot be obtained in Lithuania, and must be obtained either at the Russian Embassy in the U.S. or at a Russian Embassy in another country.  Visas for the former Soviet Republics are not available on trains, and passengers must pay attention to their train's route and stops en route to their final destination.  In some instances, a visa may be required for a stop in an intermediate country like Belarus.
              522U.S. citizens can now obtain three-month Lithuanian visas at the Lithuanian Embassy in Washington, DC, for a $25 processing fee.  The address of the Lithuanian Embassy is 2622 16th St. NW, Wash., DC 20009, tel. (202) 234-5860.  At this time, Lithuanian visas may also be obtained free of charge upon arrival at the Vilnius Airport, but such visas are only valid for ten days, and require a visit to the local Ministry of Foreign Affairs office in order to be extended beyond ten days.
Persons planning to travel by train from Warsaw to Moscow, which may involve a transit of Lithuania, should not purchase round trip rail tickets with open return portions, as return space may prove difficult to arrange in Moscow, and
              770
may not be available within the time limit of their Russian visa.
There has been an increase in street crime, especially in Vilnius, including wallet and purse snatchings.  American visitors should exercise particular care when traveling in the city at night.
 No. 92-131
This replaces the advisory dated November 20, 1991, and notes that the U.S. Embassy has moved into permanent facilities, that Lithuanian visas are now available in Washington, D.C. or upon arrival at the airport, that crime has recently increased, and that use of credit cards and travelers checks is
              771
limited.  In addition, the advisory warns that rail travel to other former Soviet Republics may require additional visas depending on the train's route.               767
There is currently no advisory in effect for Luxembourg.                73
 There is currently no advisory in effect for Macau.               763
Macedonia - Caution
June 12, 1992The Department of State advises travelers to Macedonia that political and economic changes in the region make travel there difficult and potentially dangerous.  Travelers entering or leaving Macedonia by its land border with Greece may experience delays. Delays may also be experienced at the Serbian-Macedonian border, especially by Americans of ethnic Albanian descent.  Although private and business travelers continue to visit Macedonia without incident, a deteriorating economic situation has led to an increase in crime.  Shortages of food and fuel may occur.
              764The U.S. does not have a diplomatic or consular mission in Macedonia.  The USIA information center in Skopje is open but its staff does not perform consular work. American citizens needing information or assistance should contact the U.S. Embassy in Belgrade located at Kneza Milosa 50, telephone 645-655.  U.S. citizens should register with the U.S. Embassy.
 No. 92-123
This travel advisory replaces the travel advisory for Yugoslavia dated February 21, 1992, to reflect information specific to travel in Macedonia.               444
MADAGASCAR - NOTICE
May 28, 1992
The Department of State advises that travel conditions in Madagascar, which were unsettled during the summer and fall of 1991, have since stabilized appreciably, with domestic and international air services operating normally, and goods and services, including banking, regularly available.
Travelers should be aware, however, that Madagascar is in a period of political transition, with a constitutional referendum and new elections scheduled for the summer and fall.  During that period, political activity, including party rallies, will increase with attendant risks of localized disturbances.  Visitor
              445
should exercise normal prudence in avoiding political gatherings and demonstrations.
Travelers should also take into account the problem of street crime, especially in Antananarivo, which poses risks for visitors. Reported incidents  principally include muggings and purse-snatchings.  Visitors should be vigilant at all times, avoid public mass-transit, and refrain from walking around at night, particularly in the Antananarivo city center.
Because of the difficulty in communications in case of emergency, U.S. citizens traveling to Madagascar are encouraged to register their presence with the U.S. Embassy in Antananarivo upon arrival. The U.S. Embassy is located at 14 and 16
              459
Rue Rainitovo, Antsahavola, telephone 212-57, 200-89 or 207-18.
 No.  92-112
This downgrades the previous travel advisory, dated November 14, 1991, to reflect the stabilization of travel conditions, but to advise that travelers should be alert to the possibility of disturbances during the current period of political transition.               747
Malawi - Caution
May 11, 1992
The Department of State advises U.S. citizens to exercise caution while traveling in Malawi, as spontaneous civil disturbances are liable to occur.  Although no specific threats have been directed against American citizens, recent strikes and demonstrations in the city of Blantyre in the southern region and the capital city of Lilongwe in the central region have become violent at times.  U.S. citizens should avoid any areas in cities where large crowds are gathering.
U.S. citizens visiting Malawi should register upon arrival with the Consular
              748
Section of the U.S. Embassy in Lilongwe.  The Embassy is located in area 40, City Center, Lilongwe, telephone 730-166 and 730-396.
 No. 92-100                30
MALAYSIA - CAUTION
March 10, 1992
The Department of State advises all U.S. citizens that the Malaysian government has legislation which provides for a mandatory death penalty for convicted drug traffickers.  Any person who is convicted as a trafficker will be subject to the death penalty regardless of the amount of drugs in that person's possession.  In addition, any person, Malaysian or foreign national, found in possession of 15 grams or more of heroin, 200 grams or more of cannabis, or 40 grams or more of cocaine is presumed under law to be a drug trafficker.  Similar presumptions apply to other drugs.
               125
Anyone who enters a foreign country becomes subject to the laws of that country. While the Department of State and our consular officers overseas are concerned about all American citizens arrested abroad, the Department of State cannot intervene in the legal process of another country or act as legal counsel on behalf of the imprisoned American citizen.  Under present standards of international law, custom and treaty, the United States cannot demand that Americans be given preferential treatment or rights not afforded to nationals of other countries.
 No. 92-036
This replaces the advisory dated March 13, 1991, without significant change.               896
There is currently no advisory in effect for Maldives.               212
MALI - WARNING
June 16, 1992
The Department of State advises U.S. citizens traveling to Mali to defer travel to the 6th, 7th, and 8th regions; these regions known respectively as Timbuktu, Gao and Kidal regions.  Travel should also be deferred to areas north of the Niger river in the 5th region, as well as to the areas  near the Mauritania border in the 2nd (Koulikoro) and 4th (Segou) regions.  This advisory does not affect travel to the towns of Mopti, Segou or Koulikoro.
Incidents in these areas involve banditry, vehicle theft and insurgent attacks, and have occurred along major travel routes, near the principal cities and in
              122
smaller towns.  Victims have included foreigners, who are targets of opportunity.
U.S. citizens traveling to Mali are urged to contact the U.S. Embassy upon arrival to register their presence and to receive updated security information.  The Embassy is located near the Bamako train station at the intersection of Rue Rochester NY and Mohamed V, telephone number 22-56-63.
N o. 92-127
This replaces the previous travel advisory, dated March 12, 1992, expanding the areas of Mali where travel should be deferred due to more widespread banditry.
               897
There is currently no advisory in effect for Malta.               898
There is currently no advisory in effect for the Marshall Islands.               899
There is currently no advisory in effect for Martinique.               141
MAURITANIA - WARNING
June 25, 1992
The Department of State advises U.S. citizens to exercise caution when traveling to Mauritania.  U.S. citizens are urged to defer overland travel between Mauritania and all neighboring countries, except for travel to Senegal via the Rosso ferry and travel on the road to Kayes, Mali from Kankossa, Mauritania.
With the resumption of diplomatic relations between Mauritania and Senegal, it is now possible to travel by air between Nouakchott, Mauritania and Dakar, Senegal.  Surface border crossings are permitted only at Rosso.  Mauritania and Senegal intend to establish embassies in each other's capitals in the near
              157
future.  Until they do, U.S. citizens wishing to travel to Mauritania from Senegal should obtain a Mauritanian visa prior to arriving in Senegal.
Border with Mali:  Overland travel to Mali and along the Mali-Mauritanian border should be deferred, except for travel to Kayes, Mali from Kankossa in south-central Mauritania.  Travel between Mali and Mauritania in other regions is dangerous.  There has been a series of violent incidents related to the insurgency in Mali. In addition, it is not possible to get a Malian visa in Mauritania.
Border with Western Sahara:  The land border between Mauritania and Western Sahara remains closed due to the continuing conflict between Morocco and the
              342
Polisario movement.  Although a ceasefire is presently in place, several violations have occurred and the area cannot be considered safe.
Within Mauritania, political tensions have eased following the January 24 presidential elections and subsequent incidents of civil disorder.  U.S. citizens traveling to Mauritania are encouraged to contact the U.S. Embassy to register their presence and receive an update on the current situation.  The Embassy telephone number is 52660.
 No. 92-134
This replaces the travel advisory dated April 17, 1992, to reflect the opening
              735
of the border with Senegal and the resumption of diplomatic relations between Mauritania and Senegal.               900
There is currently no advisory in effect for Mauritius.               589
               901
There is currently no advisory in effect for Mayotte Island.               436
MEXICO - NOTICE
July 6, 1992
Summary:  Mexico has strict requirements for entry of private vehicles from the U.S. and restrictions on the use of private automobiles in Mexico City.  Driving in Mexico, particularly after nightfall, is very hazardous.  End Summary.
Requirements f or the entry of vehicles into Mexico:  On April 1, 1992, the Government of Mexico revised its requirements for the temporary entry (less than six months) of personal vehicles into Mexico.  These regulations pertain only to those vehicles which will be driven beyond the approximate 20 kilometer "free zone" south of the U.S./Mexican border.  The Government of Mexico's Ministry of               473
Finance has indicated that these regulations do not affect vehicles which will remain within the "free zone".  (Note:  all of Baja California is considered a "free zone".)
Owners of personal vehicles traveling beyond the "free zone" must present the importer's immigration document (tourist card or visa), original and a copy of the importer's drivers license and vehicle title in the name of the importer. If the operator of the vehicle is other than the importer, the operator must have the same immigration status as the importer and the importer of the vehicl must be present in the vehicle at all times it is being operated in Mexico.  If the above documents are in order, the temporary importer of the vehicle has two options for bringing the vehicle into Mexico:
               575A) Post a bond based on the value of the vehicle as determined by local customs officials.  However, there is no need to pay a bond on the total value of the vehicle as licensed Mexican bonding agencies on both sides of the U.S./Mexico border provide the service for a fee of up to 1% to 2% of the value of the vehicle.
B) Make a sworn statement at the Mexican Army and Air Force Bank (Banco Nacional del Ejercito, Fuerza Aerea y Armada, S.N.C.).  A fee of $10 is required and can only be paid with a credit card (Visa and Mastercard) issued by a bank in the importer's country of foreign residence.  American Express and Diner's cards are not considered to be bank issued cards and therefore cannot be used to pay the
!
              576
fee (payment may not be made in cash).  Offices of the Banco Nacional del Ejercito are located in all customs offices at ports of entry and their hours are reportedly the same as those of the customs offices.  The bank will provide the appropriate forms for this service.  All vehicle importation documents should be in the vehicle when it is operated.  When leaving Mexico, these documents should be returned to the Mexican Customs Office at the border.
When vehicle importation documentation is lost or stolen, replacement documents can be issued by regional Mexican customs offices to the importer after he/she obtains a certified document from the U.S. Embassy or one of its consulates attesting to the loss.
               577
In the "free zone" foreign vehicles can only be operated by the owner, or (if the owner is present but not driving the vehicle) by a citizen or legal permanent resident of the vehicle's place of registration.
For additional information, individuals traveling to Mexico by personal vehicle should, prior to their travel, contact the Mexican Embassy in Washington, D.C. or the Mexican consulate nearest their residence.
Thousands of U.S. citizens travel throughout Mexico each year using both privately owned and rental vehicles.  U.S. citizens planning to drive in Mexico may do so on a current U.S. driver's license but should assure that their current U.S. insurance will cover driving in Mexico or purchase additional
              579
insurance to cover the period of their travel in Mexico.  While Mexico has an extensive primary and secondary road system, driving conditions are crowded and often hazardous to the uninitiated driver.  Drivers in Mexico should exercise particular care and should not drive after nightfall outside urban areas. Nighttime driving can be particularly hazardous because of slow moving unlighted vehicles even on primary roads. In addition, some Mexican roads, particularly i isolated regions, have at times been targets for robbery by bandits who operate primarily after dark.
Driving restrictions in Mexico City:  In an effort to reduce air pollution in Mexico City, Mexican authorities restrict all vehicular traffic, including vehicles of tourists, in Mexico City.  For vehicles of non-Mexican registration,
              602
the restriction is based on the last digit of the license plates.  The schedule is as follows:
 - Monday - No driving of vehicles with license plates with
  final digit of 5 or 6.
 - Tuesday - No driving of vehicles with license
  plates with final digit of 7 or 8.
 - Wednesday - No driving of vehicles with license plates
 with final digit of 3 or 4.
               606
 - Thursday - No driving of vehicles with license plates with final
  digit of 1 or 2.
 - Friday - No driving of vehicles with license plates with final
  digit of 9 or 0 or with temporary license plates.
 - Saturday and Sunday - All vehicles may be driven.
Failure to comply with Mexican laws governing temporarily imported vehicles can result in vehicle confiscation and/or fines.
The Department of State has a publication entitled "Tips for Travelers to
              688
Mexico." The  pamphlet is available for $1 from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402.
 No. 92-139
This replaces the travel advisory  dated January 23, 1992, to reflect revised requirements for temporary entry of personal vehicles into Mexico.               902
There is currently no advisory in effect for Micronesia.               665
MOLDOVA - WARNING
March 25, 1992
SUMMARY.  U.S. citizens planning to visit Moldova or the other former Soviet republics should be aware that the region is undergoing profound political and economic change.  Because of civil unrest, U.S. citizens should not travel to the Dniester region. U.S. citizens should avoid demonstrations or other signs of political unrest, and should stay abreast of current developments in order to react to evolving events.  Crimes against tourists are a growing problem and travelers should exercise the same precautions, especially in urban areas, as they would at home.  Tourists in frail health are strongly advised not to visit the region because of severe shortages of basic medical supplies.  Internal
              666
travel, especially by air, may be disrupted by fuel shortages and other economic difficulties.  END SUMMARY.
Ethnic and Political Unrest.  U.S. citizens should avoid the Dniester region because of civil unrest.  U.S. citizens are cautioned to refrain from participation in demonstrations or attempts to photograph events.
Internal Travel Disruptions.  Beginning in late 1991, many flights between the former Soviet republics were delayed and in some cases canceled because of shortages of jet fuel.  Travelers should be prepared for long waits or for the possibility that their itineraries will have to be changed with little or no advance notice.  International flights to and from cities in Moldova, including
              667
international Aeroflot flights, have not been affected by this problem.
Visas.  At this time, all travelers to the former Soviet Union, including Moldova, must have a visa issued by a Russian Embassy or Consulate.  Travelers who do not have a visa cannot register at any hotel and will be required to leave the country immediately, via the route by which they entered the country.  U.S. citizens should call the Russian Embassy in Washington (202-939-8916) or Consulate in San Francisco (415-922-6642) for current information on visa requirements.  U.S. citizens should obtain their visas in the U.S.; it can be difficult and time consuming to obtain a visa in a third country.
"Tips for Travelers to the U.S.S.R.":  U.S. citizens planning a trip to Moldova
              668
may wish to obtain a copy of the State Department's "Tips for Travelers to the U.S.S.R.," which is currently being revised.  Much of the information, however is still valid for the newly independent states.  This pamphlet provides information about passport and visa requirements, recommended inoculations and vaccinations, health precautions, customs and currency regulations, crime and personal security and other matters of general interest. The pamphlet also contains specific information for dual nationals of the U.S. and the former U.S.S.R.  "Tips for Travelers to the U.S.S.R." can be ordered for $1.00 each from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Travelers should also check with Intourist (212-757-3884) or the State Department's Office of Overseas Citizen Services (202-647-5225) for current information before traveling.
              670Crime and Personal Security:  Although officials in Moldova have expressed their readiness to cooperate with U.S. officials in the event of an emergency involving a U.S. citizen, communications and transportation can be slow and difficult, and the nearest U.S. officials in some cases may be more than a day's travel away. Crimes against tourists (robberies, muggings and pick-pocketings) are a growing problem in the region.  Travelers should exercise the same caution -- even in social encounters -- that they would in the United States.
Medical care in the region does not meet western standards.  There is a severe shortage of basic medical supplies, including disposable needles, anesthetics and antibiotics.  U.S. citizens in frail health are strongly advised not to
              671
visit.  The "Tips for Travelers to the U.S.S.R." contains additional information on health care in the region.
The U.S. has opened an Embassy in Chisinau, the capital of Moldova. The U.S. Embassy is temporarily located at the Hotel Seabeco, and is currently providing limited consular services to U.S. citizens in Moldova.  U.S. citizens in need of emergency services may contact the U.S. Embassy at 7-0422-232894.  All U.S. citizens visiting Moldova should register with the U.S. Embassy.
 No. 92-066
This advisory replaces the travel advisory dated December 24, 1991, for the
              672
U.S.S.R., to warn U.S. citizens of concerns specific to travel in Moldova.               903
There is currently no advisory in effect for Miquelon Island.               904
There is currently no advisory in effect for Monaco.               907
Mongolia - Notice
May 7, 1992
The Department of State advises U.S. citizens to assure they have confirmed onward reservations by a recognized travel agency before traveling to Mongolia.  It is extremely difficult to make onward travel arrangements from inside Mongolia, especially during the summer season.
Travelers should arrive with either dollars or dollar American Express Travelers Checks or Thomas Cook Travelers Checks.  Hotel Ulaanbaatar and one local restaurant will accept American Express and Diners Club credit cards.  However, cash advances against credit cards are not obtainable in Mongolia.  Bank cash
              908
transfers to Mongolian banks can take several weeks and should not be attempted, if the recipient is not already in Mongolia.  Juulchin, the Mongolian national tourism company, represents American Express in Mongolia, but does not at this time offer the full normal range of services.  There is no international bank in Mongolia.
Travelers should be aware that hotels are few in number, often fully booked, and charge prices comparable to a small/medium sized U.S. city.
Severe fuel shortages which affect heating and electrical systems are a serious problem.  On February 19, 1992, the government announced a schedule of power outages which may result in daily, prolonged blackouts of all parts of
              909
Ulaanbaatar and lack of sufficient heat in many buildings.
Train travel within Mongolia is relatively safe.  A sharp increase in crime aboard international trains to Russia has been recently reported, with several incidents of armed robbery on the trains between Ulaanbaatar and Moscow.  There have been no reports of crime problems with rail travel to/from China although prolonged delays en route are common.
 No. 92-97
This replaces the advisory dated October 3, 1991 to alert travelers to fuel shortages and conditions on Mongolian trains.               349
Morocco - Caution
December 15, 1990
On December 14 and December 15, several violent demonstrations took place in Morocco.  These demonstrations, the most serious of which occurred in Fez, resulted from a general labor strike.  Americans contemplating travel to Morocco (particularly Fez) are urged to check with either the State Department (202/647-5225), or the American Embassy in Rabat (011-212-7-762-265) for an update of the situation.
Expiration: Indefinite.
No. 90-147               143
MOZAMBIQUE - WARNING
July 21, 1992
The Department of State warns American travelers that the guerrilla war against the Mozambique Government by the Mozambique National Resistance (RENAMO) is active throughout the country.  Random and continuous attacks on civilian and economic targets make road and rail travel outside of provincial capitals hazardous.  The defense perimeter around the capital city of Maputo is limited and weak, rarely extending beyond 15 miles, and is mostly ineffective at night.  Travel at night outside major cities is extremely hazardous and should be avoided.  Travel on the national highways between Swaziland and Maputo or South Africa is not safe.  Attacks on these highways are commonplace.
               56There are food shortages in rural areas and many district capitals. Travelers should be prepared to pay most bills in dollars or travelers checks.  Credit cards are not widely accepted in Mozambique.  Currency should not be converted except at locations authorized by the Mozambican government.
Property crime has increased dramatically in urban centers.  There is a high level of automobile vandalism and theft, especially in Maputo, and in some cases, at gunpoint.  There have also been reports of an increase in violent crimes in urban areas.  City streets are heavily patrolled by police and soldiers.  Soldiers normally carry automatic weapons, and their authority should not be challenged.
               57U.S. citizens who visit or live in Mozambique should register upon arrival at the U.S. Embassy in Maputo.  The address is Avenue Kenneth Kaunda 193, telephone number 49-27-97.  The afterhours telephone number in case of emergencies is 49-00-71.  The U.S. Embassy is the best source of current information.
 No. 92-147
This replaces the previous travel advisory dated December 5, 1991, without change.
                15
BURMA - WARNING July 17, 1992
Summary:  The Department of State advises U.S. citizens traveling to Burma to defer all travel to the highland areas and to exercise caution in the rest of Burma.  Occasional political unrest and insurgent activity in the highland regions continue.  Unrest in the delta region has abated.  Air travel within Burma is not safe and U.S. citizens are urged to avoid all travel on Myanmar Airways.  All tourist travel must be government approved, but can now be arranged through private travel agencies.  End Summary.
Travel to Burma is for the adventuresome:  Roads are poor and trains are prone to accident or delay.  Myanmar Airways (formerly Burma Airways Corporation) has
               36
a poor safety record.  No Burmese Airport has instrument landing capability, and the hazards are especially high during the prolonged rainy season, which is from May to November.  While security conditions in tourist areas of Burma are generally good, political discontent continues and armed security forces are much in evidence.  A curfew is currently in effect from 11 p.m. to 4 a.m..  Insurgents remain active in the Burmese highlands along the northern borders.  Last year, there were a series of battles in the delta, southwest of Rangoon, but there has not been any recent activity.  Foreigners are usually denied access to areas of potential unrest and American citizens are advised to defer all travel to highland areas.
Visitors should exercise extreme caution, especially in taking photographs. 
               37
Photographing any uniformed person, military installation, bridge, airport, or even apparently innocuous official premises can lead to arrest.  Crime has not been a major problem, although there are occasional reports of pick pocketing.
The Burmese Government is not issuing individual tourist visas at present.  All tourist travel must be in organized groups and approved by the Burmese Government in advance.  Tours can be arranged either directly with the government travel service or through a number of private travel agencies which have recently begun doing business.  The maximum tourist visa is for 14 days.
Burma tightly controls the import and export of foreign currency, national currency, artwork, antiques, and legally controlled goods. An American
              347
businessman was arrested in 1991 for trying to leave Burma with a few pieces of locally and legally obtained jewelry.  It is extremely difficult to obtain valid export permits for items acquired in the brief stay permitted to tourists.
Americans planning trips to Burma are encouraged to check for possible late breaking developments before traveling by calling the Citizens Emergency Center of the Department of State (tel.: 202/647-5225), the U.S. Embassy in Bangkok, Thailand, (tel.: 252-5040, ext. 2212), or the Embassy in Rangoon, Burma (tel.: 82055, ext. 320).
No.92-145
               463
This replaces the travel advisory issued on January 11, 1992, to reflect that tours to Burma can now be arranged through private travel agencies, and that the delta region has not had any recent activity by insurgents.               906
 There is currently no advisory in effect for Mayotte Island.

              690
There is currently no advisory in effect for Namibia.               740
There is currently no advisory in effect for Nauru.               144
Nepal - Cancellation
 August 17, 1992
The travel advisory for Nepal for April 9,1992 is hereby canceled.               911
There is currently no advisory in effect for the Netherlands.               912
There is currently no advisory in effect for Netherlands Antilles.               913
There is currently no advisory in effect for New Caledonia.               914
There is currently no advisory in effect for New Zealand.               588
 Nicaragua - Caution
 August 15, 1992
The Department of State recommends that U.S. citizens exercise caution when traveling in Nicaragua.  Land mines in certain rural areas make off-road travel hazardous, particularly in the far north or in mountainous areas in central Nicaragua.  Travelers should use caution and check with local authorities and/or residents to determine if there are areas known to have land mines or if there are areas experiencing civil unrest or political demonstrations.  In addition, periodic incidents of armed violence continue and caution is advised when traveling outside Managua.  Travel at night outside Managua should be avoided.
                40
Burglary, petty theft and pickpocketing are common in crowded areas such as markets and buses.  Visitors should exercise caution, and safeguard passports and valuables in hotel safes rather than carrying them on their person.  Nicaraguan law does not require foreigners to carry passports at all times.
Border crossings should only be made at the entry points at Las Manos, El Espino, and Guasaule on the border with Honduras, and at Penas Blancas on the Costa Rican Border.  The Department of State discourages U.S. citizens from crossing the Gulf of Fonseca by ferry between Potosi, Nicaragua and La Union, El Salvador.
Private banks are now operating in Nicaragua, and cash or traveler's checks may
              164
be exchanged at authorized exchange facilities (casas de cambio).  The exchange will be partially in local currency.  The U.S. Embassy cannot exchange checks.  The unofficial sale or purchase of local currency is a violation of Nicaraguan law and may result in prosecution.  Credit cards are not accepted at most hotels and restaurants.
U.S. citizens are encouraged to seek the latest travel information and register with the Consular Section of the American Embassy located at Kilometer 4 1/2, Carretera Sur, Managua, Telephone 666-010.
 No. 92-157
               166
This replaces the advisory dated December 20, 1991 and offers updated information on the crime situation, the opening of private banks, and currency exchange.               486
NIGER - WARNING
 August 11, 1992
SUMMARY:  The Department of State advises U.S. citizens to avoid non-essential travel to the desert areas of northern Niger.  U.S. citizens should exercise caution in Niamey because of the volatile political situation and increasing crime.  U.S. citizens are also advised that women in several Nigerian cities have been assaulted for not wearing the traditional, Nigerian floor-length wrap. End Summary.
The Department of State advises U.S. citizens to avoid non-essential travel to the desert areas of northern Niger because of continued bandit activity,
              558
including armed attacks against government posts and armed robberies of travelers.  Several persons, including at least one foreigner, have been killed. If travel must be undertaken, extreme caution should be exercised when traveling north of the central city of Tahoua, including the districts of Tchin-Tabaradene, Arlit, and Agadez.  In addition, U.S. citizens should avoid travel to areas bordering Mali and Algeria.  Travelers to Niger should also be aware that the government of Niger has closed the border to tourists wishing to enter Niger overland from Algeria.
The Department of State advises U.S. citizens to exercise caution in Niamey, the capital of Niger.  Political conditions have led to sporadic public disorder, resulting in increased risks to personal safety.  U.S. citizens in Niamey s hould               572
avoid political rallies and demonstrations.  In addition, street crime, particularly armed robberies, has increased substantially in Niamey.  Thieves and pickpockets are especially active in tourist areas.  Robberies may occur anywhere, day or night, in the city.  Consequently, the streets of Niamey are considered unsafe for walking at any time, and travelers are urged to use vehicles for door-to-door transportation.
There have been incidents recently of groups of men assaulting women who are, or appear to be, African, for wearing garments other than the traditional ankle-length wraps known as Pagnes.  Although U.S. citizens are not specific targets, one U. S. citizen was among those assaulted.  U. S. citizens are advised to take appropriate precautions.
              640U.S. citizens traveling to Niger are advised to contact the U.S. Embassy in Niamey upon arrival to receive updated information and to register their presence.  The Embassy telephone numbers are 72-26-61, 62, 63, or 64.
 No, 92-156
This replaces the previous travel advisory, dated March 19, 1992, to advise U.S. citizens of assaults on women for not wearing traditional Nigerian clothing and of an increase in crime.               363
NIGERIA - CAUTION
 June 24, 1992
Summary:  The Department of State advises U.S. citizens of the possibility of civil unrest in parts of Nigeria, such as occurred in May in Lagos and Kaduna.  In addition, there are an increasing number of sophisticated, fraudulent commercial schemes originating in Nigeria.  Such schemes may lead to physical danger and frequently involve the offer of illegal entry into Nigeria without a visa. First-time commercial travelers to Nigeria should contact their district office of the U.S. Department of Commerce before traveling to Nigeria.  Street crime continues to be a problem, and health hazards are ever-present.  U.S. citizens are advised that spontaneous civil disturbances have occurred and could
              541
recur.  End Summary.
Most U.S. citizens who travel through Nigeria do so without incident. However, a major new development in the past year is the commercial scam or sting that targets foreigners, including a significant number of U.S. citizens.  Those not familiar with doing business in Nigeria should be hesitant about responding to unsolicited offers.  These scams are usually both fraudulent and illegal, and could involve U.S. citizens in illegal activity, resulting in extortion or bodily harm.  The ability of U.S. Embassy officers to extricate Americans from unlawful business deals is extremely limited, and police may not always inform the U.S. Embassy of an American citizen in distress.  Travelers should also be wary of offers of either outright money transfers or lucrative sales or
              789
contracts purporting to involve large sums of money and promises of large commissions for upfront payments. Alleged contracts frequently invoke the authority of a ministry or office of the Nigerian government, and may even cite the support of a Nigerian government official by name.  When planning a trip to Nigeria, first-time commercial travelers should consult with the nearest U.S. office of the U.S. Department of Commerce or upon entry into Nigeria, the U.S. Embassy in Lagos or the U.S. Consulate General in Kaduna.
U.S. citizens and all other foreigners are required to have visas. Frequently, the perpetrators of fraudulent commercial schemes will attempt to entice the foreign traveler to enter Nigeria without a visa.  Furthermore, U.S. citizens cannot legally depart Nigeria unless they can prove, by presenting their visa,
              791
that they entered legally.
U.S. citizens also need to be alert to street crime.  Airports are specifically targeted by criminals, and travelers should be alert to pickpockets or persons posing as officials who offer assistance and then disappear with travelers' passports and/or baggage.  Wherever possible, travelers should arrange to be met upon arrival by travel agents, family members or friends.
Those going to live in Nigeria should be aware of the high incidence of residential break-ins and should take appropriate security precautions.  Roadblocks occur at frequent intervals and individuals stopped at roadblocks have reported requests for unlawful payments or other types of intimidation or
              792
harassment.
A variety of diseases pose a serious health threat. The public is not always informed in a timely manner about outbreaks of typhoid, cholera and yellow fever.  Malaria, including cerebral malaria, and hepatitis are endemic and proper precautions should be taken.
Nigeria, like many other countries, has experienced civil unrest and violence from time to time.  The causes and locations vary. Outbreaks of such violence occurred most recently in the Lagos area, parts of Kaduna state, and a few other locations.  There has been labor unrest in various parts of the country and flare-ups in various local markets.  Although U.S. citizens are not specifically
              793
targeted and were not involved in these disturbances, they and their vehicles could be inadvertently caught up in a demonstration or riot.  Elections for state offices took place in December 1991; legislative elections are scheduled for July 4, 1992, and presidential elections are scheduled for December 5, 1992. As this electoral process could see heightened tensions, travelers should check with the U.S. Embassy in Lagos or the Consulate General in Kaduna regarding dates, locations and any specific guidance that may be relevant.
Travelers should refrain from taking photographs of government buildings, airports, bridges, or official-looking buildings without the express permission of the host government's security personnel. Credit cards are rarely accepted in Nigeria.  Travelers should bring sufficient travelers checks or currency to
              794
cover their needs while visiting the country.  Interbank transfers are frequently difficult, if not impossible, to accomplish.
All U.S. citizens are strongly urged to register immediately upon arrival in Nigeria with either the U.S. Embassy in Lagos, 2 Eleke Crescent, telephone 610097; fax  635397 or the U.S. Consulate General in Kaduna, 2 Maska Road, telephone 201070.
 No. 92-133
This replaces the travel advisory issued May 13, 1992, lifts the warning to defer non-essential travel to Lagos, and advises U.S. citizens of the
              796
possibility of localized disturbances.               915
There is currently no advisory in effect for Niue.               916
There is currently no advisory in effect for Norfolk Island.               367
North Africa - CANCELLATION
March 23, 1991
The travel advisory issued for North Africa on January 12, 1991 is hereby cancelled.
No. 91-082
               225
NORTH KOREA - WARNING
July 27, 1992
The United States does not recognize the government of North Korea and does not maintain diplomatic or consular relations with North Korean authorities.  Because no third country represents United States interests in North Korea, the United States government is not in a position to accord normal consular protective services to U.S. citizens in North Korea.
U.S. passports are valid for travel to North Korea.  However, it is the traveler's responsibility to apply for the required visa.
                17
Financial transactions by U.S. individuals in North Korea are restricted.  All commercial transactions, with the exception of international trade in publications and other informational materials, require U.S. government licensing.  Under the Foreign Assets Control Regulations administered by the Treasury Department, individuals may only spend money in North Korea to purchase items related to travel, such as hotel accommodations, meals and goods for personal consumption by the traveler in North Korea, and are restricted to a per diem of 200 U.S. dollars, excluding international and inter-city transportation and international telecommunication expenses.  In addition, a traveler returning from North Korea may bring back into the United States as accompanied baggage 100 U.S. dollars worth of merchandise in non-commercial quantities, as well as informational materials without limitation. However, receipts should be kept to
               51
document any goods purchased in North Korea and made available to the U.S. Customs Service when entry is made into the United States.
U.S. regulations prohibit use of credit and other charge cards in North Korea, even for living expenses or for the purchase of goods used by the traveler.
U.S. travel service providers are prohibited from arranging, promoting, or facilitating tours to North Korea unless specifically licensed by the U.S. Treasury Department to provide travel services to groups or individuals involved in academic, sports, cultural, family reunion, or certain other noncommercial activities.  The only transaction that a U.S. travel service provider is permitted to perform without a specific Treasury license is the booking of
               89
passage for an individual traveler to North Korea aboard a third-country "non-blocked carrier."  A non-blocked carrier is any carrier other than a Libyan, Cuban, Iraqi, Yugoslav, Vietnamese, or North Korean carrier.  No direct transportation services to North Korea are available from or authorized for U.S. carriers.  Travelers are cautioned against signing up for a tour group destined for North Korea which is sponsored by or affiliated with a U.S. person without first checking with the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the U.S. Treasury Department.
This advisory provides only general guidance regarding applicable Treasury regulations.  Individuals contemplating travel to North Korea are encouraged to contact the Department of the Treasury for further information at:
              103Licensing Division Office of Foreign Assets Control Department of Treasury 1500 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Treasury Annex Washington, D.C. 20220 [TEL: 202/622-2480; FAX: 202/622-1657]
DUAL CITIZENSHIP:  U.S. citizens who were born in North Korea or who were at one time citizens of North Korea, and the children of such persons may be considered dual nationals by North Korean authorities and may, therefore, be subject to North Korean laws. These laws may impose special obligations upon North Korean nationals, e.g., military service, taxes.  The State Department is unaware of any such cases in recent memory.
               104
U.S. citizens contemplating travel to North Korea should carry only U.S. passports with the proper visa affixed.  Under no condition should U.S. citizens accept travel documents which identify them as citizens of North Korea.
Specific questions on dual nationality may be directed to the Office of Citizens Consular Services, Department of State, Washington, D.C.  20520.  [Phone:  202/647-3675].
 No. 92-150
This  replaces the previous travel advisory dated December 21, 1991.  It reflects changes in the restrictions on certain commercial transactions,
              106
includes Iraq and Yugoslavia in the list of blocked carrier nations, and deletes Cambodia from that list.               338
NORTHERN IRELAND - CANCELLATION
April 18, 1991
The travel advisory issued for Northern Ireland on November 21, 1990 is hereby canceled.
 No. 91-106
               917
There is currently no advisory in effect for Norway.               919
 There is currently no advisory in effect for Oman.               146
PAKISTAN - WARNING
 June 5, 1992
SUMMARY.  The Department of State advises U.S. citizens to exercise caution when traveling to Pakistan.  Violent incidents are common and are cause for concern.  Demonstrations and rallies may be violent or anti-Western in character.  Travelers to Sindh, Baluchistan and Northwest Frontier Provinces should exercise particular caution.  Travel to the interior of Sindh Province should be avoided. Given the rapidity with which a local situation can change, it is particularly recommended that travelers to Pakistan read the local English newspapers and check with the American Embassy's consular section [or appropriate American Consulate] to learn whether there is any situation to which they should be
              169
alert. END SUMMARY.
DEMONSTRATIONS:  Rallies, demonstrations, and processions occur from time to time throughout Pakistan on very short notice, and have occasionally taken on an anti-American or anti-Western character. U.S. citizens are advised to avoid such events whenever possible. Areas which have recently experienced unrest should be avoided until calm is completely restored.
TRAVEL IN SINDH PROVINCE:   While Karachi has not recently experienced ethnic violence, the potential for it remains.  Armed robberies are common, and drivers resisting the theft of their motor vehicle are often shot.
               227
U.S. citizens traveling to Hyderabad should exercise extreme caution due to recurring outbreaks of ethnic and sectarian violence which have been characterized by random bombings, shootings and mass demonstrations.  Recent incidents have resulted in several deaths and the unofficial imposition of curfews.  There have also been numerous incidents of kidnapping for ransom.
In rural areas of Sindh Province, where the security situation is bad, all travel by land should be avoided.  While foreigners have not been the target of kidnappers in the major cities, there have been four incidents in rural Sindh in the past year in which foreigners were kidnapped.  In one incident, the foreign kidnap victim was killed in a subsequent gun-fight between police and bandits.
               239
Due to the law and order situation in the interior of Sindh, the Pakistani government recommends that travelers limit their movements in Sindh Province to the city of Karachi as much as possible.  If visitors must go to the interior of Sindh Province, the Pakistan government requests that they inform police authorities well in advance of the trip in order to assure that necessary security arrangements can be made.  U.S. citizens who must travel to Sindh Province should consult with the U.S. Consulate General in Karachi before planning trips to rural areas of Sindh Province.
Travel after dark should be avoided and prudence should be exercised in daytime travel in all districts of rural Sindh. Daytime road travel in Dadu and Larkana districts (the latter is the site of the Moenjodaro archeological site), on the
              251
west bank of the Indus River should be avoided at all times.  Travelers by road have been the victims of robberies, abductions and shootings in daylight hours.  Intercity buses and trains in the Province of Sindh also have been the target of armed robbers.
TRAVEL IN BALUCHISTAN PROVINCE:  There is limited provincial police presence and influence in Baluchistan Province.  Those persons considering a trip through rural areas, particularly those districts bordering Afghanistan, are advised to inform the Baluchistan Provincial Home Secretary prior to their travel.  U.S. citizens planning to travel in Baluchistan outside the city of Quetta should exercise prudence, travel only in a group, and travel only during daylight hours.  Recent ethnic violence in and around Quetta claimed several lives and
              256
resulted in the imposition of a multi-day curfew in the district.  This incident developed with little warning. Quetta remains tense, and similar incidents could recur at any time.
TRAVEL TO NORTHWEST FRONTIER TRIBAL AREAS:  U.S. citizens should avoid travel to these areas.  The government of Pakistan maintains a very limited presence in the tribal areas and therefore cannot guarantee the safety of unauthorized travelers.  The government of Pakistan requires that foreign nationals obtain a special permit in order to visit the federally administered tribal areas bordering Afghanistan.  These areas are Bajaur, Mohmand, Khyber, Orakzai, Kurram, North Waziristan, and South Waziristan.  Violence and threats of violence in Peshawar and in Afghan refugee camps are a serious concern.  The
              257
unsettled Afghan political climate has contributed to the tension between the various Afghan factions. Police protection is minimal in the Smuggler's Bazaar area near the Peshawar suburb of Hayattabad, located on Jamrud Road just east of the Khyber tribal territory.  This area has been the site of serious incidents of violence.  This bazaar should be avoided.  A special permit is also required to visit the provincially administered tribal area of Darra Adam Khel between the cities of Peshawar and Kohat.  Persons who do obtain a permit to go to Darra Adam Khel should be advised that it is illegal or extremely difficult to export some of the weapons sold there.  Persons traveling to this area without permits or in violation of the terms of the permit are subject to arrest.
TRAVEL TO OTHER PARTS OF THE NORTHWEST FRONTIER PROVINCE: Travelers are urged to
              259
avoid travel to the Northwest Frontier Province due to occasional bombings, banditry, shootings, and kidnappings.  Persons who must travel to this area should avoid traveling after dark due to incidents of highway robbery.  U.S. citizens are urged to stay in touch with the U.S. Consulate in Peshawar, as the security situation can change with little warning.
MOUNTAIN CLIMBING IN THE KARAKORUM MOUNTAIN RANGE:  Both India and Pakistan lay claim to an area of the Karakorum mountain range which includes the Siachen Glacier.  Because of past military clashes there, the Department of State warns Americans against traveling to or climbing peaks anywhere in the disputed area of the mountains in the East Karakoram range, and especially against venturing on or near the Siachen Glacier.  In particular, climbers should avoid the
              260
following peaks which lie within the disputed areas claimed by both India and Pakistan:  Rimo Peak, Apsarasas-I, II, and III; Term Kangri-I, II and III; Singhi Kangri, Fhainti I and II; Indira Col; and Sia Kangri.
INDIA/PAKISTAN BORDER:  The only official border crossing point for foreigners is at Wagah, Pakistan, Attari, India.  Foreigners traveling overland between Pakistan and India by bus, train or private vehicle are permitted to cross any day of the week between 0930 and 1700 hours.  Indian visas no longer need to be specifically annotated for the mode of travel used.  A Pakistani exit permit is required.
INDIA-PAKISTAN TENSIONS:  Continuing tensions between India and Pakistan over
              556
Kashmir make the security situation in Pakistan unpredictable.
VISAS:  All Americans traveling to Pakistan must have a valid Pakistani visa.  The Embassy and Consulates are not in a position to assist travelers who arrive without visas.  Persons planning to work in Pakistan in any capacity should insure that they have the proper work visa before arriving in Pakistan.  It is no longer an easy matter to arrange to change visa status after arrival in Pakistan.
REGISTRATION:  U.S. citizens resident in or visiting Pakistan are encouraged to register with the U.S. Embassy in Islamabad, Diplomatic Enclave, Ramna 5, Tel. No. 826 161, or with the nearest U.S. consulate.  In Karachi, the address of the
              557
U.S. Consulate General is 8 Abdullah Haroon Rd., Tel. No. 568-5170.  In Lahore, the U.S. Consulate General is located at 50 Sharah-E-Bin Badees, (50 Empress Rd.), New Simla Hills, Tel. No.365-530; in Peshawar, the address of the U.S. Consulate is 11 Hospital Road, Tel. No. 79801, 79802, 79803.
 No. 92-121.
This replaces the travel advisory dated November 29, 1991, and adds information on visa requirements for travel to Pakistan.               435
There is currently no advisory in effect for Palau.               474
Panama - Notice
 July 6, 1992
The Department of State advises United States citizens that there is a high incidence of crime in the Panama City and Colon areas. Although many travelers visit Panama annually, and the vast majority experience no problems during their visit, the U.S. Embassy Consular Section regularly receives reports from U.S. citizen tourists and business persons who have been victims of crimes ranging from armed robberies to muggings, purse snatchings and petty thefts.  The Embassy urges U.S. travelers to exercise the following precautions:
- Use prudence and exercise good personal security practices when moving about
              548
the country, particularly in the Panama City and Colon areas.
- Minimize the amount of cash and other valuables you carry with you.  Do not carry items of personal value that cannot be replaced.
- Avoid going alone into poorer areas of town, particularly after dark.  Choose restaurants that have adequate security.  Park in well lighted areas.
- Avoid demonstrations and crowds.
- Monitor the U.S. Southern Command Network (SCN) television or radio stations for current information and advisories.
              549U.S. citizens considering an airplane flight on a small passenger plane in Panama should be aware that there have been three hijackings of such planes this year, but that no passengers have been harmed in the hijackings.
U.S. citizens should register with the Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy upon arrival.  The Embassy is located at Apartado 6959, Panama 5, Rep. de Panama, telephone 27-1777.  In addition, if you should become a crime victim, please report it to the Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy.
 No. 92-140
               824
This advisory replaces the travel advisory issued on November 22, 1991, and alerts travelers to the recurring hijackings of small passenger airplanes.               132
PAPUA NEW GUINEA - WARNING
May 29, 1992
Summary:  The Department of State warns United States citizens that the government of Papua New Guinea (PNG) does not allow travel to Bougainville, the largest island in the North Solomon Province of PNG, where an armed insurgency has been active since 1989.  Papua New Guinea will hold national elections from June 13 to July 15, 1992.  Travelers are advised to be aware of the potential for political unrest during this period.  End Summary.
The Department of State warns U.S. citizens that the government of Papua New Guinea does not allow travel to Bougainville, the largest island in the North
              133
Solomon Province of PNG, where an armed insurgency has been active since 1989.  Bougainville Island is separated from the main island of PNG by approximately 150 miles of water, thus, the insurgency on Bougainville has had no practical effect on tourist or business travel in the rest of the country.
U.S. citizens should also avoid the largely inaccessible Papua New Guinea/Indonesia border area where an Indonesian secessionist group, the "Movement For a Free Papua" (OPM), remains active.  The OPM kidnapped and later released an American missionary and four other persons in November, 1990.
The Department of State advises U.S. citizens to exercise caution when traveling to the rest of Papua New Guinea.  Hundreds of American tourists visit Papua New
              193
Guinea annually and the vast majority experience no problems whatsoever during their stay. Visitors should, however, remain alert and avoid traveling alone. Armed robberies and assaults on women remain a problem in Port Moresby, Popondetta Lae, and Mt. Hagen, and along portions of the Highlands Highway and the Mt. Hagen to Mendi Highway.  Visitors to PNG should also avoid the Baiyer River area of the Western Highlands Province.
Most other areas frequently visited by tourists, including Madang and Rabaul, are generally safe.  Organized tour boat cruises on the Sepik River and around PNG's coast and smaller islands have a particularly safe track record.  Tourists traveling with established, experienced tour agencies in PNG have had few, if any, problems.  Walking tours in the bush, however, should be carefully planned,
              704
including making provision for a support network of local contacts.
The Department of State also advises travelers that PNG will conduct national elections during June and July, 1992.  Over these two months, an increased likelihood of civil unrest and potentially violent political protest exists, especially in the Highland provinces of Enga, Simbu, Eastern, Southern and Western, as well as in the Morobe Province.  Tourists are advised to exercise particular caution in these six provinces during the June/July period and should avoid political rallies and campaign meetings.
U.S. citizens are encouraged to register with the United States Embassy located on Armit Street, Paga Hill, in downtown Port Moresby and to contact the Embassy
              705
on arrival for latest information on local conditions.  The U.S. Embassy telephone and fax numbers are 21-1455 and 21-4213, respectively.
 No. 92-113
This advisory replaces the advisory dated November 5, 1991 to reflect the upcoming national elections in PNG from June 13 to July 15, 1992.               482
Paraguay - Notice
December 17, 1991
Due to problems encountered in the adoption process in Paraguay, the Department of State strongly advises prospective adopting parents to postpone travel for the purpose of adopting children.
A number of Americans who have traveled to Paraguay have faced severe difficulties due to complications and delays in the adoption process. As a consequence, a number of adopting parents have been required to stay a prolonged period of time and have been subjected to high financial costs.  Legal problems in some cases have delayed or frustrated the adoption process.  In addition,
              483
adopting parents should expect formalization of adoptions to be delayed for six months to one year after assignment of a court date.
Those already involved in trying to adopt in Paraguay are strongly urged to contact the Consular Section of the American Embassy in Asuncion at 213-715 before traveling to Paraguay for adoption purposes.
  No. 91-245
This advisory updates the advisory dated September 10, 1991 by alerting American adopting parents of the 6 month to 1- year delay in the formalization process.               183
Northern Persian Gulf - Cancellation
March 12, 1992
The regional travel advisory for the Northern Persian Gulf, dated March 10, 1991, is hereby canceled.                79
Peru - Warning
 August 7, 1992
The Department of State warns U.S. citizens that an upsurge in terrorist violence in Peru has significantly increased danger to travelers.  U.S. citizens should defer all travel to Peru until further notice.  This is the third major upsurge of urban violence this year.  Others can be expected to occur in the coming months. As a result, the Department has authorized the voluntary departure of all U.S. government dependents and non-essential personnel from Peru.  U.S. citizens who must travel to Peru despite this warning should contact the consular section of the U.S. Embassy in Lima immediately prior to travel.
                91
Travelers should be aware that many parts of the country are designated as "emergency zones" (i.e. areas governed by martial law).  These zones are extremely dangerous due to terrorist and criminal activities.  Two insurgent organizations, Sendero Luminoso (Shining Path) and the Tupac Amaru revolutionary movement (MRTA), continue to carry out bombings and other terrorist attacks against a large number of targets in Peru, principally Peruvian government installations and banks but also U.S. government buildings, U.S. commercial interests, as well as embassies of other countries. Recently, Sendero Luminoso has announced plans for "strikes" and stepped up its bombing campaign in Lima, targeting areas where U.S. citizens are likely to be present.
The city of Lima is located in the Lima Department, a designated "emergency
               93
zone".  Extra caution must be observed throughout the city as bombings, terrorist incidents and violent crime are common and there is a curfew from 10:00PM to 5:00AM.  Because of a July 16 Miraflores car bombing in central Lima which killed 20 Peruvians and injured more than 150 bystanders, the Embassy released the following security alert notice to the official and non-official American community.  "Given the bombing in Miraflores on July 16, 1992, the U.S. Embassy strongly recommends that the U.S. community avoid high concentration commercial areas in the Miraflores and San Isidro areas at night."
U.S. citizens who despite this warning travel to Peru must be extremely alert to any suspicious activity and cautious in their movements.  U.S. citizens should not travel to designated "emergency zones" outside Lima.  These zones are
              570
extremely dangerous regions where both terrorism and violent crime are common.  Overland travel to or through the "emergency zones" outside the capital city of Lima is particularly dangerous.
ADOPTIONS:  U.S. citizens who despite this warning travel to Peru for adoptions should be aware that Peruvian adoptions take an average of 90 days to complete and there are cases which have taken much longer.  Corruption surrounding the adoption process is widespread and delays due to judicial strikes are common.  Recently, all the adoption judges in the Lima district were replaced and it is uncertain how this might affect future adoptions.  Adopting parents should also know that foreigners carrying cash are identifiable targets for thieves.  Due to the dangerous conditions existing in the emergency zones, no prospective
              571
adopting parent should travel to an "emergency zone" in search of a child for adoption or to obtain documentation.
INFORMATION:  U.S. citizens in Peru are strongly advised to register immediately with and seek the latest information from the consular section of the U.S. Embassy located at Grimaldo Del Solar 346, Miraflores district of Lima, tel: 44-3921 and 44-3621.
  No. 92-155
This replaces the previous advisory dated July 23, 1992, to alert U.S. citizens to the authorized voluntary departure of U.S.G. dependents and non-essential
              862
personnel from Peru.                27
PHILIPPINES - WARNING
June 26, 1992
Summary:  The Department of State advises U.S. citizens that there are continuing security threats to U.S. citizens in the Philippines. These threats will remain at least during the withdrawal of U.S. forces from Subic Naval Base. Short-term tourists and business visitors to the Philippines, especially those with no visible connection with the U.S. government, face substantially less risk from politically-motivated terrorism.  Due to the presence of the New People's Army (NPA) and armed bandits, travelers should exercise caution throughout the Philippines, especially in rural areas.  Four U.S. citizens have been kidnapped in three separate incidents since October 1990.  The kidnappers
               35
have had both political as well as criminal motives.  The principal danger from the June 1991 eruption of Mt. Pinatubo now comes from lahars (mudflows) which can flood low-lying areas and wash away bridges in Pampanga, Tarlac, and Zambales Provinces.  U.S. citizen visitors to the Philippines are strongly urged to check with the American Embassy in Manila or the Consulate in Cebu concerning the situation in areas they might plan to visit.  End Summary.
General Security:  Prominent Philippine and American government officials have been specifically targeted for kidnapping and assassination by the communist New People's Army (NPA).  Several Americans, primarily military personnel, have been murdered by elements of the NPA.  Those who are considered to be at greatest risk include U.S. government employees, active duty and retired military
               46
personnel, and resident Americans associated with organizations identified with the United States.  An American businessman, a long time resident in the Philippines, was kidnapped in January 1992 and held for two months.
Short term tourists and business visitors to the Philippines, especially those with no visible connection with the U.S. government, face substantially less risk from politically-motivated terrorism.  Because of criminal activities, travelers should exercise special caution in rural areas and in the downtown entertainment district of major cities.
Particular care should be exercised when traveling by public conveyance as well as private vehicles.  Unsettled conditions may occur at any time or place.  Only
               49
national highways and paved roads should be used.  Except for major urban areas, road travel at night should be avoided.
Further information and advice regarding specific locations follows:
-- Northern Luzon:  The presence of NPA guerillas and armed bandits makes travel in the Provinces of Abra, Aurora, Cagayan, Isabela, Kalinga-Apayao and Mountain province (including Sagada and Bontoc) potentially dangerous.  A U.S. citizen was kidnapped by elements of the NPA in October 1990 in a rural area and remains in captivity. Travel to these areas should be avoided.  Visitors who must travel to these areas should minimize road travel and take particular care to reduce their visibility and any unnecessary advance information about their presence.
              112-- Southern Luzon:  NPA units are also active and travel is potentially dangerous in Quezon Province, Masbate Province, and the Bicol region, except Catanduanes.
-- Visayas Regions:  Caution is advised when traveling in the rural areas of Panay Island.  Those traveling in urban and tourist areas (including Boracay) are advised that continuing criminal activities dictate special caution after dark.  Travel to Samar Island and the interior mountainous regions of Negros Island is not advised at any time, due to ongoing criminal and insurgent activity.
               119
-- Mindanao Regions:  Due to continuing crime and insurgency problems travel to and within the autonomous regions of Muslim Mindanao (Lanao del Sur, Maguindanao, Sulu, and Tawi-Tawi Provinces), as well as the provinces of Agusan del Sur, Basilan, and Surigao del Sur, is not advised at any time.  Other travel should be restricted to daylight hours and paved roads.  Two U.S. citizen missionary teachers were kidnapped and held for ten days while touring in Sulu Province in March 1992.
The Department of State strongly encourages all Americans living in or visiting the Philippines to register with the U.S. Embassy in Manila or the U.S. Consulate in Cebu.
               262
The June 1991 eruption of Mt. Pinatubo deposited large amounts of volcanic ash in a wide area around the volcano (located sixty miles northwest of Manila).  The principal danger now comes from lahars or mudflows which can inundate low-lying areas and wash away bridges. These conditions will persist for several years, especially during the rainy season (May to November).  Travelers in the area should remain alert.
Americans contemplating road travel within the Philippines are strongly advised to contact the Embassy or Consulate for updates before commencing travel.  The Consular section of the Embassy may be contacted during normal working hours at local phone number 521-7116, ext. 2567 or 2246.  A recorded message containing the latest travel advisory can be heard by telephoning 521-9261 through 63 at
              288
any time.  The telephone number of the Consulate in Cebu is 311-261.  The Embassy and the Consulate will be able to provide updated information on potential threats to the safety of Americans in the Philippines.
 No, 92-135
This travel advisory replaces the previous advisory dated January 30, 1992, and provides information concerning additional areas to be avoid in Luzon and parts of the Visayas and Mindanao.  In addition, this advisory warns of recent kidnappings of resident and non-resident U.S. citizens.               617
POLAND - NOTICE
March 5, 1992
Summary:  The Department of State advises U.S. citizens traveling to Poland that while business and pleasure travel is generally safe, reported incidents of crime against foreign visitors and local residents have increased.  Travelers are advised to exercise particular caution against thieves when traveling by train, public trams and buses.   Street crime in Poznan and Krakow is not as prevalent as in Warsaw, but travelers using the train stations in all three cities should exercise caution.  End Summary.
Trains, Trams and Buses - Organized groups of thieves and pickpockets appear to
              618
be operating in the train stations, trains, trams and buses of Warsaw, Poznan, Krakow and other major cities. The groups operate by surrounding the traveler to distract his/her attention while boarding or exiting the train, and then picking the pockets.  Such incidents can be avoided by alert travelers who safeguard their valuables.
Cars -  Cars are often the target of break-ins. Thieves will break into cars even in well lighted, well traveled areas to steal objects of negligible value.  Travelers should not leave any items visible in the car.
No. 92-40               503
There is currently no advisory in effect for Portugal.               583
 ROMANIA - CAUTION
October 8, 1991
The Department of State advises U.S. citizens to exercise caution in Romania.  Visitors to Romania may encounter unexpected street demonstrations in urban areas which could involve significant unrest. Violent demonstrations occurred in Bucharest in September, 1991.  American citizens should avoid areas where such demonstrations are in progress and, in particular, refrain from attempts to photograph the demonstrations.
American citizens interested in adopting a child in Romania should be aware that new legislation was enacted on July 17, 1991, which requires all adoptions to be
              162
processed through the Romanian Adoption Commission.  Romanian courts are forbidden to process an adoption case involving foreign parents unless the court had received the case prior to July 17, 1991.  This, in fact, suspends all new Romanian adoptions until such time as the Romanian Adoption Commission can formulate new procedures.  The new law also imposes criminal penalties for anyone, including intermediaries, who offers or receives money or material goods to obtain the release of children for adoption.
The Romanian Adoption Commission will work only with approved foreign adoption agencies.  The authorized American agencies have not yet been designated nor has the Commission announced names of any agency under consideration.  The Commission does not expect to process adoptions under the new law until the
              420
beginning of 1992 or later.  In light of these changes, prospective adoptive parents are urged to postpone travel until Romania resumes processing adoptions.All U.S. citizens in Romania should register with the U.S. Embassy in Bucharest, Strada Tudor Arghezi 7-9, tel. 10-40-40.  Updated information about local conditions and the current requirements of both Romanian and American adoption law is available from the Embassy.  In addition, an information packet on Romanian adoptions is available by writing the Office of Citizens Consular Services, CA/OCS/CCS, Room 4817, Department of State, Washington, D.C.  20520 or telephoning 202-647-3444.
               421
 No. 91-187
This replaces the travel advisory dated September 26, 1991, and downgrades the advisory from a warning to a caution, reflecting improved conditions in Romania.NOTE:  THIS CONTAINS A CORRECTION TO THE RECENTLY ISSUED ROMANIA ADVISORY.               673
RUSSIA - WARNING
March 25, 1992
SUMMARY.  U.S. citizens planning to visit Russia or the other former Soviet republics should be aware that the region is undergoing profound political and economic change.  Since the break-up of the U.S.S.R., the U.S. has officially recognized the independence of each of the twelve former Soviet republics: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Byelarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan. The Department of State now has separate travel advisories for each of these states.  Due to unsettled conditions, the Department of State advises U.S. citizens to avoid travel to the following areas of Russia:  the Chechen-Ingush and the North Ossetia Autonomous
              674
Republics of Russia.  U.S. citizens should avoid demonstrations or other signs of political unrest and should stay abreast of current developments while in the region in order to react to evolving events.  Crimes against tourists are a growing problem and travelers should exercise the same precautions, especially in urban areas, as they would at home.  The U.S. Consulate General in St. Petersburg reports that it is very difficult to use travelers checks or credit cards in St. Petersburg.  U.S. citizens in frail health are strongly advised not to visit the region because of severe shortages of basic medical supplies.  Internal travel, especially by air, may be disrupted by fuel shortages and other economic difficulties.  END SUMMARY.
Ethnic and Political Unrest.  A state of emergency and curfew are in effect in
              675
the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Republic of Russia.  The Department of State continues to recommend that U.S. citizens defer all travel to the Chechen-Ingush and the neighboring North Ossetia Autonomous Republics because the political situation in these regions remains unsettled.
Internal Travel Disruptions.  Beginning in late 1991, internal Russian flights, and flights between the former Soviet republics, were delayed and in some cases canceled because of shortages of jet fuel.  Travelers should be prepared for long waits or for the possibility that their itineraries will have to be changed with little or no advance notice.  International flights to and from Russian cities, including international Aeroflot flights, have not been affected by this problem.
              677Visas:  At this time, all travelers to the former Soviet republics, including Russia, must have a visa issued by a Russian Embassy or Consulate.  Travelers who do not have a visa cannot register at any hotel and will be required to leave the country immediately, via the route by which they entered the country.  U.S. citizens should contact the Russian Embassy in Washington (202-939-8916) or the Russian Consulate in San Francisco (415-922-6642) for current information on visa requirements.  U.S. citizens should obtain their visas in the U.S.; it can be difficult and time consuming to obtain a Russian visa in a third country.
"Tips for Travelers to the U.S.S.R.":  U.S. citizens planning a trip to Russia may wish to obtain a copy of the State Department's "Tips for Travelers to the
              678
U.S.S.R.," which is currently being revised.  Much of the information, however is still valid for the newly independent states.  This pamphlet provides information about passport and visa requirements, recommended inoculations and vaccinations, health precautions, customs and currency regulations, crime and personal security and other matters of general interest. The pamphlet also contains specific information for dual nationals of the U.S. and the former U.S.S.R.  "Tips for Travelers to the U.S.S.R." can be ordered for $1.00 each from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Travelers should also check with Intourist (212-757-3884) or the State Department's Office of Overseas Citizen Services (202-647-5225) for current information before traveling.
               679
Crime and Personal Security:  Although officials in Russia have expressed their readiness to cooperate with U.S. officials in the event of an emergency involving a U.S. citizen, communications and transportation can be slow and difficult, and the nearest U.S. officials in some cases may be more than a day's travel away. Crimes against tourists (primarily robberies, muggings and pick-pocketings) are a growing problem in the region.  Travelers should exercise the same caution -- even in social encounters that they would in the United States.  A sharp increase in crime aboard international trains to and from Mongolia has been recently reported, with several incidents of armed robbery on the trains between Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia and Moscow.
Currency Exchange:  The U.S. Consulate General in St. Petersburg reports that it
              681
is very difficult to use travelers checks or credit cards in St. Petersburg.  Most hotels and restaurants do not accept credit cards or traveler's checks and it has become increasingly difficult to exchange traveler's checks for U.S. dollars or Russian rubles even at banks or at the American Express office.  Unless travelers are part of a tour which includes all meals and hotels prepaid, they will experience extreme difficulty in obtaining local currency.
Medical care in the region does not meet western standards.  There is a severe shortage of basic medical supplies, including disposable needles, anesthetics and antibiotics.  U.S. citizens in frail health are strongly advised not to visit.  The "Tips for Travelers to the U.S.S.R." contains additional information on health care in the region.
              682All U.S. citizens visiting Russia should register with the Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy in Moscow (Novinskiy Bul'var 19/23, tel. 7-095-252-2450), or with the U.S. Consulate General in St. Petersburg (Ulitsa Petra Lavrova 15, tel. 7-812-274-8235) upon arrival.
 No. 92-058
This advisory replaces the travel advisory dated December 24, 1991, for the U.S.S.R., to warn U.S. citizens of concerns specific to travel in Russia.               317
RWANDA - WARNING
 June 23, 1992
The Department of State advises U.S. citizens to defer all non-essential travel to Rwanda until further notice.  U.S. citizens who must travel to Rwanda should exercise extreme caution.  Rwanda has been engaged in hostilities with an armed force composed of Rwandan exiles from Uganda.  A negotiated ceasefire continues to be violated.  Fighting occurs regularly along the northern border with Uganda, an area which encompasses both Volcano National Park, where Rwanda's mountain gorillas live, and Akagera Game Park, the northern part of which is presently closed to visitors.
               211
Tourist groups continue to visit Akagera Game Park, and the gorillas in Volcano National Park, although such trips are occasionally postponed or canceled due to outbreaks of fighting or other security concerns.  U.S. citizens who, despite this warning, are considering such visits are urged to contact the U.S. Embassy in Kigali before leaving the United States or their last stop before Rwanda to obtain updated security information.
In a number of areas, including the capital, Kigali, there have been armed robberies and attacks on residents using guns, machetes, and hand grenades.  In addition, terrorist acts have been committed using anti-personnel and anti-vehicle mines.  These attacks have not been directed at American citizens or installations, and appear to be the result of the increasingly volatile
              559
political situation in the country and an increasing lack of discipline in the armed forces.  U.S. citizens are advised that the unpredictable nature of these attacks, and their occurrence in areas potentially frequented by tourists, have increased the risk of all travelers in Rwanda.
A curfew is in effect throughout Rwanda, from 1:00 a.m. to 5:00 a.m. in most of the country.  The curfew in Ruhengeri and Gisenyi prefectures, where the Volcano National Park is located, is from 8:00 p.m. to 5:30 a.m.  Additional curfews are often declared in areas affected by fighting, ethnic violence, or conflict between rival political groups.  Roadblocks and checkpoints controlled by the military are in effect in Kigali and throughout the country.
               729
Americans who must travel to Rwanda are strongly advised to contact the U.S. Embassy in Kigali upon arrival to register their presence and to receive updated security and curfew information.  The Embassy is located on Boulevard de la Revolution, telephone numbers 75601, 75602 and 75603.
  No. 92-132
This replaces the previous travel advisory dated March 31, 1992, to omit the reference to fighting and curfew in the Bugasera Region, and to advise travelers to contact the U.S. Embassy in Kigali before attempting to visit Volcano National Park and the mountain gorillas.               584
 There is currently no advisory in effect for St. Kitts and Nevis.               826
There is currently no advisory in effect for Saint Lucia.               827
There is currently no advisory in effect for Saint Martin.
               828
There is currently no advisory in effect for St. Pierre.
               829
There is currently no advisory in effect for St. Vincent.
               830
There is currently no advisory in effect for San Marino.
               832
There is currently no advisory in effect for Sao Tome and Principe.               291
SAUDI ARABIA - CANCELLATION
June 26, 1992The travel advisory for Saudi Arabia, dated May 21, 1992, is hereby canceled.               831
There is currently no advisory in effect for Scotland.
               153
Senegal - Warning
August 27, 1992
The Department of State advises U.S. citizens to avoid non-essential travel to the Casamance area of southern Senegal.
Separatists in southern Senegal (the Ziguinchor region of western Casamance, particularly the Bignona area) have again become active. Reports of random roadblocks and incidents of violence have caused the government of Senegal to increase the number of security personnel in the area.  The violence has not been directed at Americans; however, the Department of State advises all U.S. citizens to avoid non-essential travel to this area until the situation
              938
stabilizes.
All U.S. citizens traveling to Senegal are urged to contact the U.S. Embassy in Dakar upon arrival to register their presence and to obtain current information. The U.S. Embassy is located on Avenue Jean XXIII, telephone number 23-42-96.
 No. 92-161
This travel advisory warns U.S. citizens to avoid travel in the southern part of Senegal.               725
Serbia and Montenegro - Warning
June 12, 1992
The Department of State warns U.S. citizens to defer all travel to Serbia (including Kosovo and Vojvodina) and Montenegro until further notice.  In compliance with the U.N. resolution mandating the reduction of Embassy staffs, the Department of State will be reducing the size of its mission in Belgrade and authorizing the voluntary departure from the U.S. Embassy in Belgrade of non-essential personnel and dependents of U.S. Government employees. The Department advises U.S. citizens in Serbia and Montenegro to leave immediately while commercial transportation is still available.  U.S. citizens who remain in Serbia and Montenegro should contact the U.S. Embassy in Belgrade, tel. 645-655,
              226
for information and assistance.
 No. 92-126
This replaces the travel advisory for Yugoslavia dated February 21, 1992, and advises that the Department of State has authorized the voluntary departure from Serbia and Montenegro of non-essential personnel and dependents of U.S. Government employees and that U.S. citizens should also leave immediately.               228
               833
There is currently no advisory in effect for Seychelles.
               286
SIERRA LEONE - WARNING
 June 29, 1992
The Department of State has now terminated the ordered departure of non-essential personnel and dependents, but recommends that U.S. citizens exercise caution when considering travel to Sierra Leone. Although the situation appears calm and under control, a recent military coup has resulted in an active, highly visible military presence throughout the country.
Extreme caution should be exercised in the eastern and southern border areas with Liberia, where fighting between Sierra Leonean and Liberian forces continues.  Due to the uncertain situation, U.S. citizens are urged not to
              476
travel to this area.  The area of Kailahun, northeast of Daru, should also be avoided.
In Freetown, a midnight to 6 a.m. curfew remains in effect, and is strictly enforced.  Roadblocks manned by military personnel exist at key points, particularly along Freetown's beach area.  Similar curfews have been imposed in other areas; travelers should remain alert to possible curfew restrictions throughout the country.  Petty street crime and theft of wallets/passports remain a problem.
Dual U.S.-Sierra Leonean citizens traveling on their Sierra Leone passports should be are that bearers of Sierra Leone passports are now required to present
              804
proof of payment of taxes before being granted departure clearance from the country.
All U.S. citizens visiting or residing in Sierra Leone are urged to register with the U.S. Embassy in Freetown at No. 1 Walpole Street, telephone 226481.
 No. 92-13
This replaces the travel advisory dated May 2, 1992, and notes that the ordered departure from Sierra Leone of non-essential U.S. Embassy employees and dependents has terminated.  This new advisory warns travelers to exercise caution if they visit the country, and to avoid the eastern and southern border
Pre ss <CR> for more !
              805
areas with Liberia, where fighting continues.               834
BELIZE - NOTICE
August 3, 1992
Thousands of tourists and business travelers visit Belize each year and the vast majority experience no problems during their stay. However, visitors to Belize should exercise caution to avoid becoming crime victims.  While the government of Belize is making efforts to improve security in Belize City and inland tourist sites, robberies and related assaults have increased.  Visitors are advised not to walk alone on city streets, especially at night.  Do not wear jewelry or carry valuables.  If traveling to remote tourist sites, travel in a group.
               882
The Department of State issues a pamphlet which provides general travel information for the area.  "Tips for Travelers to Central and South America" may be ordered for $1 each from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402.
 No. 92-153
This replaces the previous advisory dated October 22, 1991 without change.               760
Slovenia - Notice
June 12, 1992
The Department of State advises travelers to Slovenia that, although the U.S. Government recognized Slovenian independence on April 7, 1992, the U.S. has not yet opened an embassy in Ljubljana, the capital of Slovenia.  The USIS information center in Ljubjana is open but does not perform consular functions.  U.S. citizens experiencing difficulties in Slovenia should contact the U.S. Consulate in Zagreb, Croatia, for assistance.  The U.S. Consulate in Zagreb is located at Brace Kavurica 2, tel. 444-800.  It is currently operating with a reduced staff.
               761
U.S.  citizens can safely travel to Slovenia. Travelers should be aware that the U.S. recently suspended operations of JAT, the Yugoslavian national airline, in the United States.  U.S. citizens in Slovenia should stay abreast of developments in the region and be prepared to react if necessary.  In particular, travelers should be aware that renewed fighting in Croatia may make it difficult for consular officers there to respond immediately to a request for assistance from a U.S. citizen in Slovenia.
 No. 92-122
This replaces the travel advisory for Yugoslavia dated February 21, 1992, to reflect U.S. recognition of Slovenia.               835
There is currently no advisory in effect for Solomon Islands.                43
SOMALIA - WARNING
 April 17, 1992
The Department of State advises all U.S. citizens to avoid all travel to Somalia.  Civil war and other factional fighting continue sporadically.  In much of the country, there is no effective administration.  Bandits are numerous and operate with impunity. All U.S. Government employees and dependents have been evacuated from Somalia, and the U.S. Embassy there was closed on January 5, 1991.  Under the circumstances, the United States Government is unable to offer American citizens in Somalia any type of assistance or protection.
No. 92-083
              105This renews the travel advisory dated January 11, 1991, updating the description of civil disorder.               154
SOUTH AFRICA - CAUTION
February 19, 1992
Summary:  The Department of State advises U.S. citizens to exercise caution when traveling in South Africa. Clashes with security forces or between political factions have occurred at political gatherings and demonstrations.  Right-wing violence is increasing and may pose risks to travelers.  Visitors in major cities should take appropriate precautions because of a significant increase in street crime.  The Department does not encourage travel to South Africa's "Independent Homelands" because of the difficulty in providing consular assistance.  In addition, professional artists, musicians and others visiting South Africa to participate in cultural events should ensure that their
              126
performance contracts are executed with care.  End summary.
The Department of State advises U.S. citizens that the political situation in South Africa remains unsettled and U.S. citizens should exercise caution when traveling in South Africa.  Visitors should exercise particular caution at political gatherings or demonstrations, since some political demonstrations have resulted in clashes with security forces or between political factions. Violence is most common in Natal and the Transvaal, but incidents also occur in the Orange Free State and Cape Province.
Right-wing violence has grown as the situation in South Africa has become less favorable to hard-line apartheid supporters.  Right-wing groups are believed
              127
responsible for the bombing of post offices and integrated schools.  The Department of State, however, does not believe that foreign tourists are a specific target of these terrorist bombings.
Areas most frequented by tourists, such as game parks and beaches, are not generally affected by the situations described.  Visitors to city centers in all major cities, particularly central Johannesburg, should exercise caution due to significant increases in street crime, including muggings of tourists.  Thefts from hotel rooms and vehicles are especially common, and visitors should take extra precautions to safeguard their valuables.
Travel to the so-called "Independent Homelands" of Bophuthatswana, Venda,
              134
Ciskei, and Transkei is not encouraged.  Neither the United States nor any other country in the world except South Africa recognizes these areas as independent countries.  Therefore, American citizens should be aware of the special difficulties the U.S. Government faces in providing consular assistance in these areas.  Homeland officials often deny or severely limit access by U.S. consular officials to U.S. citizens under arrest or otherwise in distress in these areas. Officials in the Homelands have not consistently notified U.S. consular officials when American citizens have been arrested.
Due to the lifting of the "cultural ban" on South Africa, many cultural groups have visited the country.  These groups should exercise caution in ensuring that the contract between agents/promoters and themselves is properly drawn up and
Press <CR> f or more !
              609
clearly understood.  An increasing number of American sportsmen, musicians and other performers have become stranded in South Africa due to difficulties with their agents/promoters.  Individuals under performance contracts should carry personal funds while in South Africa, so that they do not become stranded due to breach of contract.
Due to the potential for fast-changing political developments, U.S. citizens who live in South Africa or visit for an extended period should register at the American Embassy in Pretoria, Thibault House, 225 Pretorius St., tel. 28-4266; or at the U.S. Consulates General in Johannesburg, 11th Fl. Kine Center, Commissioner and Kruis Sts., tel. 331-1681,; in Cape Town, Broadway Industries Center, Heerengracht, Foresshore,  tel. 214-280; or in Durban, Durban Bay House,
              610
29th Fl., 333 Smith St., tel. 304-4737,
 No. 92-027
This replaces the previous travel advisory dated July 19, 1991, and cautions U.S. citizens of an increase in right-wing violence in South Africa and advises cultural groups and professional entertainers to perform in South Africa only after careful review of their performance contracts.               836
SPAIN - NOTICE
November 20, 1991
Summary:  Hundreds of thousands of U.S. citizens are expected to visit Spain in 1992 to attend celebrations commemorating the 500th Anniversary of Columbus' voyages to America, and the designation of Madrid as Cultural Capital of Europe for 1992.  In addition, Expo '92 - The World's Fair - will be held in Seville from April 20 to October 12, and the Summer Olympics will be held in Barcelona and its surrounding areas from July 25 to August 9.  The following general security information is intended to provide U.S. citizens with useful guidance to ensure that their trip to Spain is an enjoyable one.  End summary.
               837
PERSONAL SECURITY:  Spain is a beautiful country with little history of violent crime.  As in many tourist areas, however, petty crime is a problem.  Visitors should therefore be alert to the following situations:
Thieves usually work in pairs.  Unsuspecting tourists can lose their belongings to cyclists or those on motorcycles, but most often to other pedestrians working tourist-filled crowds.  Thieves have also been known to open the doors or break the windows of cars stopped in traffic in order to grab a purse or package, and have even taken purses from beneath car seats in the same manner.
TRAVELERS SHOULD TAKE NORMAL PRECAUTIONS, INCLUDING:  Leave your passport and valuables in a hotel safe, or other secure place, while enjoying the country. 
              838
Make copies of all tickets, passports, and travelers checks, and carry only a copy of your passport.
Hide on you any valuables you must carry, rather than placing them in a handbag. Wrap rubber bands around your wallet to make it more difficult to extract from your pocket without your knowledge.
Be alert in crowds.  Train stations, crowded shopping areas, and places heavily frequented by tourists are the most common sites for purse, bag, or camera snatchings.
VEHICLE SAFETY:  Do not leave anything of value in sight in your car, even when
              839
moving in city traffic.  If you must leave valuables in the car, lock them in the trunk when you set out, not when you park.
If you suffer a mechanical breakdown, try to seek assistance in a well-lit area or at the nearest service station.  If you must make repairs on the road, first move all valuables from the trunk to the passenger compartment and lock the doors, then proceed with the repairs.
MEDICAL CARE:  Medical facilities are generally comparable to those in the U.S., although English speaking doctors are often unavailable. Hospitals normally expect cash payment prior to discharge, and neither credit cards nor foreign medical insurance coverage are normally accepted.  All tourists, especially
              840
those with special medical concerns, should consider purchasing insurance sufficient to cover any unexpected medical expenses incurred while touring outside the United States.
EMBASSY AND CONSULATE ASSISTANCE:  In addition to the U.S. Embassy in Madrid, the Consulate General in Barcelona and the Consulate in Bilbao, consular agencies are available to assist American citizens in several Spanish cities.  U.S. citizens who have questions or who encounter problems while in Spain should call the nearest consular office.  Dialing instructions differ depending on whether you call from the U.S. or from within Spain.  Phone numbers are provided below:
               841
To call from the United States: U.S. Embassy Madrid:  34-1-577-4000 U.S. Consulate General Barcelona:  34-3-319-9550 U.S. Consulate Bilbao:  34-4-475-8300 Consular Agency La Coruna: 34-81-213-233 Consular Agency Seville:  34-54-231-885 Consular Agency Valencia:  34-6-351-6973 Consular Agency Las Palmas:  34-28-271-259 Consular Agency Malaga (Fuengirola): 34-52-474-891 Consular Agency Palma de Mallorca:  34-71-725-051
To call from within Spain (omit the number in parentheses if calling from within the listed city itself):
U.S. Embassy Madrid: (91) 577-4000 U.S. Consulate General Barcelona: (93) 319-9550 U.S. Consulate Bilbao: (94) 475-8300 Consular Agency La Coruna:  (981)
              843
213-233 Consular Agency Seville:  (954) 231-885 Consular Agency Valencia:  (96) 351-6973 Consular Agency Las Palmas:  (928) 271-259 Consular Agency Malaga (Fuengirola): (952) 474-891 Consular Agency Palma de Mallorca (971) 725-051
No. 91-225               159
SRI LANKA - WARNING
August 31, 1992
Summary:  The Department of State advises U.S. citizens traveling to or residing in Sri Lanka to avoid all travel to north and east Sri Lanka until further notice, because of the on-going armed conflict between the government and Tamil separatists.  In addition, while the main business and tourist destinations in western, central and south Sri Lanka are generally calm, several terrorist bombings in or near Colombo since early 1991 have caused numerous civilian casualties.  Although there is no direct threat to U.S. citizens in Sri Lanka, there is a general risk of being inadvertently caught up in random acts of violence.  End summary.
              158Fighting between government security forces and the Tamil extremist group, the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), continues in all parts of the north and east of the island of Sri Lanka.  The security situation remains unsettled and volatile, and consular services and protection cannot be guaranteed in those areas.  U.S. citizens should avoid areas such as Wilpattu and Galoya National Parks.  While the Yala National Park and the cultural sites of Anuradhapura and Polonnaruwa are not affected by the fighting at this time, U.S. citizens should exercise caution and contact the Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy in Colombo before venturing to those areas.  Travelers may also encounter roadblocks staffed by security personnel, and should follow closely any instructions given.
               176
The center and south of Sri Lanka, including the capital city of Colombo, the western beaches and the hill (tea) country, are generally calm, and travelers report few problems there at present. Since early 1991, however, terrorists have been responsible for several bombings in or near Colombo, resulting in numerous civilian casualties.  Although there is no direct threat to U.S. citizens in Sri Lanka, travelers should be alert to the continuing threat of terrorism in the capital.
Outbreaks of Japanese encephalitis, dengue fever, hepatitis A, and typhoid occur periodically in Sri Lanka, including Colombo.  Malaria is prevalent everywhere outside of Colombo.  Visitors should ensure that all their immunizations are current, and use all available precautions to avoid contact with mosquitoes.
              200Because the situation in Sri Lanka can and does change very rapidly, all U.S. citizens are urged to register with the U.S. Embassy upon arrival.  The U.S. Embassy is located at 210 Galle Road, Colombo 3, Telephone 448007.
 No. 92-164
This replaces the previous travel advisory of January 17, 1992, with only minor changes.               848
 Sudan - Warning
February 27, 1992
Summary:  The Department of State warns U.S. citizens to avoid non-essential travel to Sudan, and to take note of the following:
--  Travel anywhere outside of Khartoum requires the permission of the government of Sudan.
--  The potential for terrorist acts exists in Khartoum.
--  The U.S. Embassy urges any Americans remaining in southern Sudan to depart.
--  Americans should exercise particular caution in western Sudan due to banditry and incursions by southern rebels.
--  The government of Sudan has ordered a strictly enforced curfew.
              178
 --  Travelers must register with local police.
--  Travelers are required to declare all currency and travelers' checks both on arrival in and departure from Sudan.  End Summary.
The Department of State warns U.S. citizens to avoid non-essential travel to Sudan.  Travel anywhere outside of Khartoum requires the permission of the government of Sudan.  Americans should take particular note of the items which follow.
Khartoum -  The potential for terrorist acts exists in Khartoum the capital of Sudan.  Western interests have been targeted several times in recent years with fatal consequences.
              278Southern Sudan - U.S. citizens remaining in the south are urged to depart.  Despite extended periods of voluntary cease-fire, the civil war in southern Sudan persists in the three southern provinces of upper Nile, Bahar El Ghazal, and Equatoria.  The safety of Americans residing in or attempting to travel to these areas cannot be assured. The U.S. Embassy is unable to provide normal consular protection and services in southern Sudan.
Western Sudan - Due to unsettled conditions, including banditry and incursions by southern rebels, those Americans who must travel to western Sudan are advised to exercise particular caution in western Darfur province (especially along the Chadian and Libyan borders) a nd southern Kordofan province.               279Curfew Rules - The government has ordered a curfew whose rules are strictly  enforced.  Persons found outside during curfew hours without authorization are subject to arrest.  All road blocks must be respected.  U.S. travelers should check with the U.S. Embassy's Consular Section, with their hotel, or the local police to determine the current curfew hours.
Registrations with local police - Travelers are required to register with police headquarters within three days of arrival. Travelers must obtain police permission before moving to another location in Sudan and must register with police within 24 hours of arrival at the new location.
               280
Currency Declaration - Travelers are required to declare all currency and travelers' checks both on arrival and departure from Sudan.  The currency declaration, which is valid for 90 days, must be stamped by customs officials upon arrival.  Funds can be converted through authorized outlets such as banks and hotels only upon presentation of a valid currency declaration.  Travelers establishing temporary residence in Sudan (staying for more than 3 months) are required to deposit their foreign funds (including travelers' checks) in foreign currency accounts.  Any amount may be retrieved from these accounts at any time while the traveler is resident in Sudan.  Travelers should close out accounts upon departure from Sudan.  Should there be a remaining balance in an unclosed account, the bank of Sudan will only make refunds upon presentation of all expenditure receipts.
              282All U.S. citizens traveling to Sudan are advised to contact the U.S. Embassy Consular Section to register their presence and receive updated information on the security situation.  The Consular Section is located in Sharia Ali Abdul Latif, telephone number 74700, 74611.
 No. 92-033
This replaces the travel advisory dated April 8, 1991, reflecting changes in the currency declaration requirements.               161
Suriname - Warning
 April 27, 1992
The Department of State advises U.S. citizens to exercise caution while traveling to areas outside the capital city of Paramaribo and the town of Nieuw Nickerie in western Suriname.  U.S. citizens unfamiliar with the country should avoid unaccompanied travel to the interior, particularly the road between Zanderij and Apura. Nighttime travel outside of the two major cities should be avoided if possible. While the situation in the countryside is at present stable, there is insufficient police authority over much of the interior of Suriname to offer assistance in an emergency.
               252
Travelers to Suriname may experience disruptions in travel plans due to the unreliability of scheduled airline service to and from Suriname.  Suriname Airways (SLM) serves as the only direct air link between the United States and Suriname.  Due to ongoing technical problems with the sole passenger airliner owned and operated by SLM, delays are common and last up to five days.  Visitors should be prepared for lengthy airport waits and extensions of their stay in Suriname.
U.S. citizens who travel to Suriname should seek the latest travel information from the American Embassy and should register with the Consular Section at Dr. Sophie Redmondstraat 129, Paramaribo.  The U.S. Embassy can be reached by telephone at all hours at the following number: 477-881.
              357  No. 92-091
This advisory replaces the advisory dated November 15, 1991, to advise about delays in traveling to and from Suriname by air.               844
There is currently no advisory in effect for Swaziland..
               845
There is currently no advisory in effect for Sweden.
               846
There is currently no advisory in effect for Switzerland.               603
Syria - Cancellation
April 24, 1992
The travel advisory issued for Syria on March 13, 1991 is hereby canceled.
 No. 92-089               849
               931
There is currently no advisory in effect for Tahiti.               932
There is currently no advisory in effect for Taiwan.               684
Tajikistan - Warning
September 8, 1992
U.S. citizens should defer all travel to Tajikistan until further notice because fighting now centered in the south, notably in the Kulyab and Kurgan Tyube regions, could be introduced into the capital city of Dushanbe.  The Dushanbe International Airport is under rebel control and service is not reliable.
U.S. citizens who must travel to Tajikistan in spite of this warning are strongly encouraged to register with the U.S. Embassy in Dushanbe.  The U.S. Embassy is temporarily located at the Hotel Independence and is currently providing limited consular services to U.S. citizens in Tajikistan.  U.S.
              685
citizens in need of emergency services may contact the U.S. Embassy at tel: 248233.
 No. 92-166
This advisory replaces the travel advisory dated June 25, 1992 to advise U.S. citizens to defer all travel to Tajikistan.               163
TANZANIA - CAUTION
June 1, 1992
Summary:  The Department of State advises U.S. citizens to exercise caution when traveling in Tanzania.  Crime continues to be a major problem in urban and rural areas.  Air Tanzania has again been suspended from the International Air Transport Association (IATA) for failure to meet its financial obligations: tickets issued by Air Tanzania for travel on other airlines may not be honored, and the airline's financial problems may also affect its maintenance and overhaul capabilities.  Black market currency transactions are illegal, and even discussing such transactions may result in arrest. Severe restrictions on photography are enforced throughout the country. Tanzanian security officials do
              179
not always notify the U.S.Embassy promptly when an American citizen is arrested or detained. Restrictions against bearers of passports containing evidence of past or planned travel to South Africa have been relaxed to a limited extent. End summary.
Crime continues to be a concern in both urban and rural areas. Most of the incidents are muggings, vehicle thefts and break-ins, and residential break-ins. Visitors should exercise extreme caution in safeguarding documents and valuables such as passports, traveler's checks, cameras and jewelry.  Valuables should not be left in luggage checked with airlines or other transportation companies.  Thieves often pose as passengers on buses and trains in order to steal valuables from inattentive riders.  In some cases, victims are first drugged with tainted
              181
food or drink offered by strangers or casual acquaintances.  Visitors driving in the various game parks are advised to have an experienced driver or game park official accompany them.  Visitors should exercise extreme caution when walking on beaches, and should avoid isolated areas due to the danger posed by muggers and pickpockets.  Travel by night in the countryside is dangerous due to crime and hazardous road conditions.
In May, Air Tanzania was again suspended from the International Air Transport Association (IATA) for failure to meet its financial obligations.  Travelers are advised not to purchase tickets from Air Tanzania for flights on its own services or those of other carriers, as such tickets may not be honored.  The airline's financial problems may also affect its maintenance and overhaul
              371
capabilities.
Visitors are strongly advised that currency exchange should be transacted only at banks and authorized exchange bureaus, not on the street with black marketeers.
Photography of military installations is forbidden.  Individuals have been detained and/or had their cameras and film confiscated for taking pictures of hospitals, schools, industrial sites, airports, harbors, railway stations, bridges, government buildings and other such facilities, which are not always clearly identified as being off-limits to photographers.  There are no restrictions on the use of cameras in game parks.
              372Tanzanian police and prison officials, especially in rural areas, have consistently failed to immediately inform the U.S. Embassy in Dar es Salaam of the arrest or detention of American citizens, thus impeding the ability of the U.S. government to provide timely and effective consular assistance.  To avoid problems, travel to remote regions or areas away from the normal tourist routes should be undertaken only after consultation with Tanzanian authorities.
The government of Tanzania has assured the Embassy that it is now safe for tourists to visit Tanzania with South African visas or immigration stamps in their passports.  Trade sanctions, however, remain in effect, and business travelers who appear to be pursuing trade relations with South Africa may be
              544
denied entry.
All U.S. citizens are urged to register at the American Embassy, 30 Laibon Road, Dar es Salaam, telephone number 66010/1/2/3/4/5. Office hours are 7:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m.
 No. 92-116
This replaces the travel advisory dated April 29, 1992, to advise of Air Tanzania's suspension from the International Air Transport Association (IATA).                55
Thailand - Cancellation
 August 6, 1992The travel advisory for Thailand for May 29, 1992 is hereby canceled.               469
Togo - Caution
 August 7, 1992
The Department of State advises U.S. citizens to exercise caution while in Togo. As Togo tries to move forward with elections planned for later this year, there exists the possibility of public disorder, resulting in increased risks to personal safety.  U.S. citizens in Togo should avoid political rallies or demonstrations. Petty criminal activity has also increased.
U.S. citizens traveling to Togo are encouraged to contact the U.S. Embassy upon arrival to register their presence and receive updated security information.  The Embassy is located at the intersection of Rue Pelletier Caventou and Rue
              505
Vauban.  The telephone numbers are 21-29-91/92/93/94 and 21-77-17.
  No. 92-154
This replaces the advisory dated January 23, 1992, to advise U.S. citizens to exercise caution as Togo prepares for elections later this year.               933
There is currently no advisory in effect for Tonga.               586
               265
Trinidad and Tobago - Caution
November 21, 1990
This replaces the previous advisory, dated August 15, 1990.
The Department of State advises U.S. citizens traveling to Trinidad and Tobago that, although conditions are now stable, a curfew remains in effect between 1 a.m. and 5 a.m. on the island of Trinidad.  On Tobago, where most tourist facilities are located, there is no curfew.  Because a state of emergency is still in effect, Americans must have a valid U.S. passport to enter or depart Trinidad and Tobago.  U.S. citizens arriving in Trinidad, and particularly those who will remain for longer than a brief stay, should register with the U.S.
              250
Embassy, 15 Queen's Park West, Port of Spain, telephone (809) 622-6371.
Expiration: December 19, 1990
No. 90-127               385
Tunisia - Cancellation
March 29, 1991The travel advisory for Tunisia is hereby cancelled.
 No. 91-095
               165
TURKEY - WARNING
March 13, 1992
Summary.  The Department of State continues to warn American citizens to exercise caution in Turkey and to defer all non-essential and tourist travel to southeastern Turkey.  Areas to avoid are specified in the full text below.  Americans may travel to the key tourist destinations of western Turkey in relative security by taking normal precautions.  While there have been a number of urban terrorist attacks, Turkish authorities are actively working to prevent terrorism.  Unauthorized purchase or removal of antiquities and cultural artifacts is strictly forbidden.  End summary.
               263
The Department of State warns American citizens to exercise caution in Turkey.  While Turkish authorities are actively working to prevent terrorism, urban terrorist attacks have caused injuries and loss of life.  Several bombs have exploded in Istanbul in recent weeks, although most were not in areas frequented by foreigners. Terrorist attacks have also targeted the personnel and property of organizations with official and commercial ties to the United States.  In addition, visitors may encounter unexpected street demonstrations.  American citizens should avoid areas where such demonstrations are in progress.  Travelers to the main tourist destinations should also take normal personal safety precautions against petty crime.
United States citizens should defer all non-essential and tourist travel to
              264
southeastern Turkey.  Three Americans were kidnapped in Bingol Province in August 1991, and held for three weeks.  Other foreign travelers have also been kidnapped.  Sporadic attacks by terrorists continue to occur against Turkish police and civilians in several southeastern provinces of Turkey.  The Turkish Government has established an emergency situation Regional Governor at Diyarbakir who has authority over the following provinces: Diyarbakir, Sirnak, Batman, Bingol, Van, Siirt, Mardin, Hakkari, Tunceli, and Elazig.  In addition, this Regional Governor also exercises some authority over the adjacent provinces of Bitlis, Adiyaman and Mus.
Travelers should also note that there have been separatist terrorist incidents in other provinces of eastern Turkey including Kars, Agri, Kahraman Maras,
              303
Sanliurfa, Malatlya, Erzincan and Erzurum.  In Kars province, a group of foreign tourists, including Americans, was attacked by terrorists.
Individuals who must travel to southeastern Turkey despite this warning should be off the road well in advance of dusk and should not travel until daybreak.  Travel off main highways or in remote areas should be avoided.  Travelers should cooperate with travel restrictions or other security measures imposed by Turkish authorities.  Visitors to other parts of Turkey are likewise urged to avoid travel by road at night due to local driving conditions.
U.S. citizens traveling to Turkey should check upon arrival with the U.S. Embassy in Ankara or the U.S. Consulates in Istanbul, Izmir, or Adana to learn
              329
whether there are special travel restrictions in particular provinces.
Finally, travelers are reminded that unauthorized purchase or removal from Turkey of antiquities or other important cultural artifacts is strictly forbidden.  Violation of this law may result in imprisonment.  Travelers who wish to purchase such items should always insist that the seller provide a receipt and the official museum export certificate required by law.
 No. 92-49
This replaces the January 8, 1992 travel advisory to reflect recent bombings in Istanbul.               691
TURKMENISTAN - CAUTION
March 25, 1992
SUMMARY.  U.S. citizens planning to visit Turkmenistan or the other former Soviet republics should be aware that the region is undergoing profound political and economic change.  U.S. citizens should avoid demonstrations or other signs of political unrest, and should stay abreast of current developments in order to be ready to react to evolving events.  As always when traveling, tourists should take precautions against theft.  U.S. citizens in frail health are strongly advised not to visit the region because of severe shortages of basic medical supplies.  Internal travel, especially by air, may be disrupted by fuel shortages and other economic difficulties.  END SUMMARY.
              692Internal Travel Disruptions.  Beginning in late 1991, fuel shortages made airline travel to, from and within Turkmenistan increasingly erratic.  It can be difficult to make alternative arrangements for departure from the region if flights are canceled or delayed.
Visas.  At this time, all travelers to the former Soviet Union, including Turkmenistan, must have a visa issued by a Russian Embassy or Consulate.  Travelers who do not have a visa cannot register at any hotel and will be required to leave the country immediately, via the route by which they entered the country.  U.S. citizens should contact the Russian Embassy in Washington (202-939-8916) or the Russian Consulate in San Francisco (415-922-6642) for
              693
current information on visa requirements.  U.S. citizens should obtain their visas in the U.S.; it can be difficult and time consuming to obtain a visa in a third country.
"Tips for Travelers to the U.S.S.R.":  U.S. citizens planning a trip to Turkmenistan may wish to obtain a copy of the State Department's "Tips for Travelers to the U.S.S.R.," which is currently being revised.  Much of the information, however is still valid for the newly independent states.  This pamphlet provides information about passport and visa requirements, recommended inoculations and vaccinations, health precautions, customs and currency regulations, crime and personal security and other matters of general interest.  The pamphlet also contains specific information for dual nationals of the U.S.
              694
and the former U.S.S.R. "Tips for Travelers to the U.S.S.R." can be ordered for $1.00 each from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402.  Travelers should also check with Intourist (212-757-3884) or the State Department's Office of Overseas Citizen Services (202-647-5225) for current information before traveling.
Personal Security:  Although officials in Turkmenistan have expressed their readiness to cooperate with U.S. officials in the event of an emergency involving a U.S. citizen, communications and transportation can be slow and difficult, and the nearest U.S. officials in some case may be more than a day's travel away.  As always when traveling, tourists should take precautions against theft.
              696Medical care in the region does not meet western standards.  There is a severe shortage of basic medical supplies, including disposable needles, anesthetics and antibiotics.  Tourists in frail health are strongly advised not to visit.  The "Tips for Travelers to the U.S.S.R." contains additional information on health care in the region.
The U.S. has opened an Embassy in Ashkhabad, the capital of Turkmenistan.  The U.s. Embassy is temporarily located at the Jubilee Hotel, and is currently providing limited consular services to U.S. citizens in Turkmenistan.  U.S. citizens in need of emergency services may contact the U.S. Embassy at 7-3630-244908. All U.S. citizens visiting Turkmenistan should register with the
              697
U.S. Embassy.
 No. 92-062
This advisory replaces the travel advisory dated December 24, 1991, for the U.S.S.R., to advise U.S. citizens of concerns specific to travel in Turkmenistan.               934
There is currently no advisory in effect for Turks and Caicos.               935
There is currently no advisory in effect for Tuvalu.               937
                12
UGANDA  - WARNING
December 20, 1991
Summary:  The Department of State advises travelers to exercise caution when traveling in Uganda.  While travel to Kampala and other parts of Uganda is considered to be safe, travelers should avoid most of northern Uganda and the Uganda/Rwanda border area in the south, which are considered to be unsafe.  Travelers should be aware that there are frequent incidents of daytime highway robberies and car hijackings throughout the country.  In addition, U.S. citizens should avoid all highway travel after dark.  End Summary.
Due to intermittent bandit and rebel activity, U.S. citizens should avoid travel
               13
in most of northern Uganda.  This includes the towns of Kumi, Soroti, Lira and Gulu, as well as the areas north of these towns to the Kenya and Sudan borders.  In northwest Uganda, travel to the north bank of the Nile River in Murchison Falls National Park should be avoided.  Also, overland travel to the West Nile region and the city of Arua is not advised.
Visitors should not travel to the Uganda/Rwanda border in the south, which is presently closed as a result of fighting in northern Rwanda between armed rebels and the Rwandan army.  The city of Kisora near the border is subject to periodic shelling and should be avoided.  Visits to the gorilla habitats around Mount Sabinyo are not recommended.
                14
Due to rebel activity by the National Army for the Liberation of Uganda (NALU) in the Ruwenzori Mountains of western Uganda, travelers should avoid the mountainous areas in the Kasese District, including the subcounties of Kisinga, Kyonddo, Kyarumba, Nyakiyumbu and Kitholhu.
As a result of the unrest in Zaire, all overland travel from Uganda to Zaire should be deferred.
Travel is generally safe from the Kenya border to Kampala and west to the foothills of the Ruwenzori Mountains.   In the eastern region of the country, this includes the routes to Kampala through Mbale and Jinja.  West from Kampala, travel is generally safe to and around Fort Portal, Kasese, Queen Elizabeth
               87
National Park and on the route south to Mbarara and Kabale.
Travelers should be aware that there are frequent incidents throughout the country of daylight highway robberies and car hijackings.  Highway travel at night should be avoided entirely. Roads in much of Uganda are poor;  overland travelers should plan accordingly.  Police and military roadblocks throughout the country normally present no major problems for travelers if they present passports with valid visas.  In addition, pickpocketing is a common problem in Kampala city center.
Americans should refrain from photographing security forces or government installations.  Journalists must have proper credentials from the Ministry of
               90
Information.
U.S. citizens are encouraged to register with the U.S. Embassy in Kampala upon arrival and to obtain the most up-to-date information about conditions in the country.  The Embassy is located on Parliament Ave., telephone number 259-792.
No. 91-248
This replaces the previous travel advisory dated February 6, 1991 and alerts travelers to avoid the mountainous areas in Kasese District, as well as other parts of the country.               698
UKRAINE - CAUTION
 May 20, 1992SUMMARY. U.S. citizens planning to visit Ukraine should be aware that the region is undergoing profound political and economic change.  U.S. Citizens should avoid demonstrations or other signs of political unrest and should stay abreast of current developments in order to react to evolving events.  The U.S. Embassy in Kiev reports that travelers checks are not accepted in Ukraine and there are limits on amounts paid by credit cards.  Crimes against tourists are a growing problem and travelers should exercise the same precautions, especially in urban areas, as they would at home.  U.S. citizens in frail health are strongly
               545
advised not to visit the region because of severe shortages of basic medical supplies. Internal travel, especially by air, may be disrupted by fuel shortages and other economic difficulties.  END SUMMARY.
The address of the U.S. Embassy in Kiev, the capital of Ukraine, is Yuria Kotsubinskoho 10, Kiev, Ukraine 252053. The Embassy currently is providing limited consular services to U.S. citizens in Ukraine, and U.S.  citizens in need of emergency services may contact the embassy.  The general phone number is 244-7349, while the consular section is 244-7354; and the fax is 244-7350.  U.S. citizens staying in Ukraine at least one month should register with the Embassy.
Effects of the Chernobyl accident:  Levels of radiation in food items affected
!
              546
by the fallout from the 1986 Chernobyl accident have decreased significantly with time.  They are no longer of any known medical significance to the traveler.  Tap water samples submitted from Moscow, St. Petersburg and Kiev in the months following the accident showed no detectable radiation.
Currency exchange:  The U.S. Embassy in Kiev reports that travelers checks are not accepted in Ukraine.  Hotels and restaurants do not accept travelers checks. It is virtually impossible to exchange travelers checks for U.S. dollars or Russian rubles.  Although credit cards are not widely accepted, some hotels accept credit cards but only for limited dollar amounts.
Internal Travel Disruptions:  Beginning in late 1991, many flights between and
              547
within the former Soviet republics were delayed and in some cases canceled because of shortages of jet fuel.  Travelers should be prepared for long waits or for the possibility that their itineraries will have to be changed with little or no advance notice. International flights to and from cities in Ukraine, including international Aeroflot flights, have not been affected by this problem.
Overland travel to Poland:  Travelers crossing the land border between Poland and Ukraine should expect long delays.
Visas:  Travelers to Ukraine are encouraged to obtain a visa in advance from the embassy of Ukraine, 2001 L Street. N.W., Suite 200, Washington D.C. 20036, Tel.:
               621
202-452-0939.  travelers to Ukraine who arrive without a visa, must obtain one upon arrival at the border point, or within 24 hours of arrival.  Russian visas can no longer be used to enter Ukraine.  Visas are issued at Kiev's Borispil Airport, at the airports of Lviv, Simferopol and Odessa, and at the following border checkpoints:  Chop, Uzhgorod, Mostiska, Yalta and Vadul-Syret. Travelers who cannot obtain a visa as they enter Ukraine (for example, those arriving by train from Russia or one of the other Commonwealth countries) are required to apply for a visa within 24 hours at a local OVIR office (loose translation:  "Visas, Permits and Passport Department" of the Ministry of Internal Affairs).  If the traveler does not present an invitation, visas will be one entry, valid for 7 days.  To obtain a longer validity, or more entries, a letter of invitation is required, specifying the length and purpose of the visit.  Such
!
              623
visas will usually be valid up to one year, with five entries.  The cost of the visa is approximately 54 dollars.  Travelers in Ukraine who foresee even a slight possibility of spending time in Russia should procure a Russian visa before leaving the United States.  Russian visas are not available in Ukraine.
"Tips for Travelers to the U.S.S.R.":  U.S. citizens planning a trip to Ukraine may wish to obtain a copy of the State Department's "Tips for Travelers to the U.S.S.R.," which is currently being revised.  Much of the information, however, is still valid for the newly independent states.  This pamphlet provides information about passport and visa requirements, recommended inoculations and vaccinations, health precautions, customs and currency regulations, crime and personal security and other matters of general interest. The pamphlet also
              700
contains specific information for dual nationals of the U.S. and the former U.S.S.R.  "Tips for Travelers to the U.S.S.R." can be ordered for $1.00 each from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Travelers should also check with Intourist (212-757-3884) or the State Department's Office of Overseas Citizen Services (202-647-5225) for current information before traveling.
Crime and Personal Security:  Although officials in Ukraine have expressed their readiness to cooperate with U.S. officials in the event of an emergency involving a U.S. citizen, communications and transportation can be slow and difficult.  Crimes against tourists (robberies, muggings and pick-pocketings) are a growing problem in the region.  Travelers should exercise the same caution
              701
that they would in the United States.
Medical care in the region does not meet western standards.  There is a severe shortage of basic medical supplies, including disposable needles, anesthetics and antibiotics.  U.S. citizens in frail health are strongly advised not to visit.  The "Tips for Travelers to the U.S.S.R." contains additional information on health care in the region.
 No. 92-109
This advisory replaces the travel advisory dated March 25, 1992 to reflect a change of the U.S. Embassy's address and phone number and the opening of the
              702
Ukraine Embassy in Washington.
               894
There is currently no advisory in effect for the United Arab Emirates.               868
There is currently no advisory in effect for Great Britain.               884
There is currently no advisory in effect for Uruguay.               168
UZBEKISTAN - CAUTION
March 25, 1992
SUMMARY.  U.S. citizens planning to visit Uzbekistan or the other former Soviet republics should be aware that the region is undergoing profound political and economic change.  U.S. citizens should avoid demonstrations or other signs of political unrest, and should stay abreast of current developments, in order to be ready to react to evolving events.  As always when traveling, tourists should take precautions against theft.  U.S. citizens in frail health are strongly advised not to visit the region because of severe shortages of basic medical supplies.  Internal travel, especially by air, may be disrupted by fuel shortages and other economic difficulties.  END SUMMARY.
              273Ethnic and Political Unrest.   In January 1992, there were violent student demonstrations in the capital of Tashkent, but none involved violence directed against U.S. citizens or other Westerners.
Internal Travel Disruptions.   Beginning in late 1991, fuel shortages made airline travel to, from and within Uzbekistan increasingly erratic.  It can be difficult to make alternative arrangements for departure from the region if flights are canceled or delayed.
Visas.  At this time, all travelers to the former Soviet Union, including Uzbekistan, must have a visa issued by a Russian Embassy or Consulate. 
              274
Travelers who do not have a visa cannot register at any hotel and will be required to leave the country immediately, via the route by which they entered the country.  U.S. citizens should contact the Russian Embassy in Washington (202-939-8916) or the Russian Consulate in San Francisco (415-922-6642) for current information on visa requirements.  U.S. citizens should obtain their visas in the U.S.; it can be difficult and time consuming to obtain a visa in a third country.
"Tips for Travelers to the U.S.S.R.":  U.S. citizens planning a trip to Uzbekistan may wish to obtain a copy of the State Department's "Tips for Travelers to the U.S.S.R.," which is currently being revised.  Much of the information, however is still valid for the newly independent states.  This
              275
pamphlet provides information about passport and visa requirements, recommended inoculations and vaccinations, health precautions, customs and currency regulations, crime and personal security and other matters of general interest.  The pamphlet also contains specific information for dual nationals of the U.S. and the former U.S.S.R. "Tips for Travelers to the U.S.S.R." can be ordered for $1.00 each from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402.  Travelers should also check with Intourist (212-757-3884) or the State Department's Office of Overseas Citizen Services (202-647-5225) for current information before traveling.
Personal Security:  Although officials in Uzbekistan have expressed their readiness to cooperate with U.S. officials in the event of an emergency
              405
involving a U.S. citizen, communications and transportation can be slow and difficult, and the nearest U.S. officials in some cases may be more than a day's travel away.  As always when traveling, tourists should take precautions against theft.
Medical care in the region does not meet western standards.  There is a severe shortage of basic medical supplies, including disposable needles, anesthetics and antibiotics.  Tourists in frail health are strongly advised not to visit.  The "Tips for Travelers to the U.S.S.R." contains additional information on health care in the region.
The U.S. has opened an Embassy in Tashkent, the capital of Uzbekistan.  The U.S.
              408
Embassy is temporarily located at the Hotel Uzbekistan, 55 Chelendarskaya, and is currently providing limited consular services to U.S. citizens in Uzbekistan. U.S. citizens in need of emergency services may contact the U.S. Embassy at 7-3712-331574.  All U.S. citizens visiting Uzbekistan should register with the U.S. Embassy.
 No. 92-059
This advisory replaces the travel advisory dated December 24, 1991, for the U.S.S.R., to advise U.S. citizens of concerns specific to travel in Uzbekistan.               885
There is currently no advisory in effect for Vanuatu.               875
There is currently no advisory in effect for Vatican City.               601
Venezuela - Caution
 April 13, 1992
Summary:  The Department of State advises U.S. citizens traveling to Venezuela to exercise caution.  Since the unsuccessful coup attempt of February 4, 1992, there have been occasional demonstrations and disturbances which in some cases have resulted in isolated violence.  Travelers should take standard precautions against crime and cholera.  End summary.
Security:  Occasional demonstrations and disturbances continue to occur mainly in greater Caracas and other urban centers in Venezuela but not in coastal tourist destinations such as Margarita Island, Puerto La Cruz, Morrocoy National
              596
Park or interior areas as Canaima, Puerto Ayacucho, and Ciudad Bolivar.  Travelers should be aware of the potential for violence and exercise appropriate caution by staying well clear of public demonstrations, police lines, and barricades they may encounter.  They should also cooperate with authorities if asked to clear an area or to take a detour. Travelers should also try to keep informed of developments by following the local press and electronic media and consulting their hosts in Venezuela, including U.S. and Venezuelan business concerns, their hotels, tour guides, and travel organizers for current information on political demonstrations, the general purpose and location of which are usually announced in advance.
Crime:  U.S. citizens are advised of the potential for theft of unattended items
              597
on beaches, from parked rental cars, and of money and documents by pickpockets on public transportation as well as in and near bus and subway stations.
Cholera:  Cholera has reached Venezuela.  Travelers should substitute bottled beverages for potentially contaminated water. Shell fish and vegetables should be well cooked; all cooked food should be eaten while still hot and fruit should be peeled.  Most cases of cholera have been reported in the western states of Venezuela near the Colombian border.  For further information, contact the Centers for Disease Control's International Travelers Hotline on (404) 332-4559.
Information:  U.S. citizens may contact the Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy in Caracas at Avenidas Francisco de Miranda and Principal de La Floresta, La
              598
Floresta at telephones 285-2222/3111/2475 or the U.S. Consulate in Maracaibo at Avenidas 5 de Julio and 13, Edificio Banco Hipotecario de Zulia at telephones 83054/5 or 84253/4 register and obtain current information on local conditions.
 No. 92-78               244
VIETNAM - WARNING
February 14, 1992
Summary:   The United States does not maintain diplomatic or consular relations with Vietnam.  Consequently, the United States Government is not in a position to accord normal consular protective services to U.S. citizens in Vietnam, and serious consideration should be given before traveling to Vietnam.  Foreign visitors to Vietnam have been arbitrarily arrested or detained for activities that would not be considered crimes in the United States.  Americans of Vietnamese ancestry may be considered dual nationals and subject to laws which impose special obligations upon Vietnamese nationals. A U.S. trade embargo severely restricts financial and economic transactions with Vietnam.  A recent
               41
easing of travel restrictions now permits U.S. travel agents to arrange hotel accommodations, ground transportation, local tours and similar travel activities in Vietnam.  End Summary.
U.S. passports are valid for travel to Vietnam. Because the United States and Vietnam do not have diplomatic relations, travelers should arrange for visas ahead of time at a Vietnamese Embassy in the city from which they are embarking for Vietnam.
An increasing number of Americans travel to Vietnam.  Most have no problems; however, Vietnamese authorities have detained a few Americans and other foreigners without charges or for activities that would not be considered crimes
               61
in the United States.  Some of those detained have been held incommunicado for months without any contact with U.S. authorities or their families.  There have been cases where release from confinement was contingent on the payment of a large fine.
Travelers should arrive with a proper visa.  Once in country, visitors should comply with conditions of entry, including place and duration of stay.  Visitors can also reduce risks of detention by avoiding involvement in politics or unsanctioned religious activities while in Vietnam and by declining to carry papers that are political or of unknown content.
The Vietnamese security apparatus may place American visitors under surveillance
               67
simply because they are foreign.  Visitors who fail to keep their documentation fully in order or who engage in activities deemed suspicious may be detained, along with their Vietnamese contacts, relatives, and friends. The Vietnamese authorities do not always inform the U.S. Government of arrests, nor can they be counted on to provide access to American citizens under detention.
Dual Citizens:  U.S. citizens who were born in Vietnam or are former citizens of Vietnam, and the children of such persons, may be dual nationals and may therefore be subject to all Vietnamese laws that impose special obligations upon Vietnamese nationals, such as military service, taxes, etc.  Under no circumstances should U.S. citizens accept travel documents that identify them as citizens of Vietnam.  Specific questions on dual nationality may be directed to
               86
the office of Citizens Consular Services, Department of State, Washington, D.C. 20520.
U.S. Treasury Regulations:  Individuals are authorized to travel on their own to Vietnam without special permission from the U.S. Treasury Department.  Travelers may spend money in Vietnam only to purchase items related to travel, such as hotel accommodations, meals and goods for personal consumption.  Travelers are restricted to a per-diem of $200 per day, excluding international and intercity transportation and international telecommunication expenses. Treasury regulations prohibit the use of credit and other charge cards in Vietnam.  A traveler returning from Vietnam may bring back into the United States as accompanied baggage $100 worth of merchandise in non-commercial quantities, as
               88
well as informational materials without limitation.  Because a U.S. trade embargo prohibits business dealings with Vietnam, purchases of other goods or services unrelated to travel are prohibited.  Receipts should be kept to document any goods purchases in Vietnam and those receipts should be available for U.S. Customs officials when entry is made into the United States.
As a part of the U.S. normalization process with Vietnam, the U.S. Treasury Department amended its Foreign Assets Control Regulations on December 17, 1991, to permit U.S. travel agents and others to arrange hotel accommodations, ground transportation, local tours and similar travel activities within Vietnam.  The regulations continue, however, to prohibit direct flights between the United States and Vietnam as well as flights into or out of Vietnam by U.S. registered
              220
aircraft and aircraft controlled by persons subject to U.S. jurisdiction.  The opening of offices by U.S. persons also remains prohibited.
This advisory provides only general guidance regarding Department of Treasury regulations.  Individuals contemplating travel to Vietnam are encouraged to contact the Department of Treasury at the following address for further information:
Licensing Section Office of Foreign Assets Control Department of the Treasury Washington, D.C.  20220 Telephone:  (202) 535-9449, Fax:  (202) 377-7222
 No. 92-025
              443This replaces the travel advisory dated July 12, 1991 to reflect an easing of travel restrictions under the U.S. embargo.               886
There is currently no advisory in effect for the British Virgin Islands.               242
There is currently no advisory in effect for Wales.               888
There is currently no advisory in effect for the British West Indies.               889
There is currently no advisory in effect for the French West Indies.               170
WEST BANK, GAZA STRIP, EAST JERUSALEM - WARNING
March 12, 1992
Summary:  The Department of State continues to advise all U.S. citizens to avoid travel to the West Bank and Gaza Strip until further notice.  U.S. citizens traveling to East Jerusalem should contact the U.S. Consulate General for an update on conditions and exercise caution at all times.  In general, Americans should avoid demonstrations and protest activities.  Israel's strict security measures, particularly at Ben Gurion Airport and Allenby Bridge, may affect visitors.  Americans arrested in the West Bank or Gaza on security offenses are often denied timely communication with consular officials.  End Summary.
               184
I.  Travel and Safety
TRAVEL TO THE WEST BANK AND GAZA STRIP:  Due to recurrent disturbances and tension in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, the Department of State continues to advise all U.S. citizens to avoid travel to these areas until further notice. U.S. citizens who must travel to the West Bank and Gaza Strip should be aware of continuing unrest and tension, including stone-throwing, which can affect visitors.  If travel to the West Bank is unavoidable, travelers should consult with the U.S. Consulate General in Jerusalem.  In the case of travel to the Gaza Strip, travelers should consult with the U.S. Embassy in Tel Aviv.  Americans residing in these areas should exercise particular caution.  They should also register with the U.S. Embassy in Tel Aviv or the U.S. Consulate General in
              218
Jerusalem.
TRAVEL TO EAST JERUSALEM:  There have been occasional disturbances in East Jerusalem.  U.S. citizens who travel to East Jerusalem should be aware of continuing unrest and tension, including stone-throwing, which can affect visitors.  Travelers to all areas of East Jerusalem, including the walled city, should exercise caution.  Travelers should contact the U.S. Consulate General for an update on conditions.  Because of the potential for violent incidents, tourists should be vigilant while using public transportation and while traveling by car in areas of East Jerusalem less frequented by tourists.
DEMONSTRATIONS:  Under all circumstances, Americans should avoid demonstrations,
              289
protest activities, and other situations that have the potential to lead to violence.  American tourists should carry their U.S. passports at all times.II. Consular Matters, Security, and Arrests
SECURITY MEASURES:  Israel has strict security measures which may affect visitors.  Prolonged questioning and detailed searches may take place at the time of entry and/or departure at the Allenby Bridge from Jordan and at Ben Gurion Airport.  At the Allenby Bridge, American citizens with Arab surnames may encounter delays or obstacles in bringing in cameras or electronics equipment.  Items commonly carried by travelers such as toothpaste, shaving cream, and
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cosmetics may be confiscated or destroyed.  During searches and questioning, access may be denied to U.S. consular officers, lawyers, or family members.  Should questions arise at the Allenby Bridge, Americans should telephone the U.S. Consulate General in Jerusalem for assistance at  253-288.  If questions arise at Ben Gurion Airport, Americans should phone the U.S. Embassy in Tel Aviv at 517-4338.
ARRESTS IN THE WEST BANK AND GAZA STRIP:  Americans arrested or detained in the West Bank or Gaza on suspicion of security offenses often are not permitted to communicate with consular officials, lawyers, or family members in a timely manner during the interrogation period of their case.  Youths who are over the age of fourteen have been detained and tried as adults. The U.S. Embassy is not
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normally notified of the arrests of Americans in the West Bank by Israeli authorities, and access to detainees is delayed.
 No. 92-044
This updates the previous advisory, dated October 8, 1990, to reflect changes in conditions in Ea st Jerusalem.
               890
There is currently no advisory in effect for Western Samoa.               356
YEMEN - WARNING
 June 2, 1992
Summary:  The Department of State advises U.S. citizens to exercise caution while in Yemen and to avoid travel in remote areas of the country.  Acts of political violence, including assassinations and attempted assassinations, have recently occurred and there have been attacks against Yemeni government and U.S. and other diplomatic missions in Yemen.  These incidents underscore a potential for political instability and pose a possible danger to U.S. citizens. End Summary.
The Department of State advises U.S. citizens to exercise caution when traveling
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in the Republic of Yemen.  In particular, the Department advises U.S. citizens to avoid travel to remote areas of the country, including the northern border of Yemen, south and east from Najran, Saudi Arabia, which is not defined.  In addition, local tribal disputes and disputes between tribal groups and the government have occasionally led to violent incidents.  Also, inter-tribal disputes have sometimes led to the kidnapping of westerners.  Armed hijackings of vehicles have occurred in many parts of the country, accompanied in some instances by violence.
Over recent months anti-government elements have assassinated or attempted to assassinate Yemeni government officials and other prominent political figures.  Similar incidents are likely to occur in the run-up to elections due no later
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than November 22, 1992. While not directed against foreigners, these disturbances and violent incidents present a potential danger to U.S. citizens in Yemen.
Foreign embassies and Yemeni government buildings have been the target of bombs and rockets planted or fired by unknown individuals or groups.  While no casualties have yet resulted from these incidents, they are indicative of the potential for political violence and civil instability in the country.
Specific written permission from the Yemen General Tourism Corporation must be obtained for any travel outside the cities of Sanaa and Aden.  Specific permission is also required for the use of video cameras.  Photography of
              403
military installations, equipment, or troops is forbidden, and in the past has led to the arrest of U.S. citizens.  It is advisable to make travel arrangements to Yemen through a travel agency as independent travel is difficult at present.  Travelers may also wish to consult their physicians before departing for Yemen due to the altitude of Sanaa (7200 feet) and lack of adequate medical facilities.
All U.S. citizens are urged to contact the Embassy upon arrival to discuss the security situation and to register with the consular section.  The U.S. Embassy telephone number in Sanaa is Tel: 238-842 through 238-849.  Office hours are from 8:00 am - 4:00 pm Saturday through Wednesday.  A duty officer is available for emergencies 24 hours a day.
              514 No. 92-117
This replaces the previous advisory, dated March 29, 1991, to include information about a series of recent assassination attempts and the potential for other acts of violence as a prelude to national elections due no later than November 1992.               245
The travel advisory for Yugoslavia has been replaced by advisories for the following countries:
 Bosnia-Hercegovina
Croatia
Macedonia
Serbia and Montenegro
Slovenia.
Please consult the listings for these countries for information.               240
ZAIRE - WARNING
June 16, 1992
The Department of State emphatically recommends that travel to Zaire be deferred until further notice, and that U.S. citizens who were evacuated or otherwise left Zaire last year not return.  The economy's continuing deterioration has led to an increase in violent street crime, especially in Kinshasa.  Several expatriates have been assaulted by armed robbers in the last several weeks; one died of gunshot wounds.  While vehicle theft is particularly prevalent, burglaries and other crimes are also a risk.  Renewed civil unrest could occur without warning.
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Americans who choose to travel or reside in Zaire in spite of this warning should  stay in close contact with the American Embassy in Kinshasa to ensure that their whereabouts are known.  The Consular Section of the U.S.  Embassy is located at Avenue D'Isiro, Mobil Building, telephone 21532, extension 2376.
All U.S. citizens should be aware that the U.S. Embassy is operating with a severely reduced staff, and that dependents are prohibited from residing at post.  All American staff and their dependents were evacuated from the Consulate General in Lubumbashi last year.  Lubumbashi continues to operate with only a caretaker local staff.
 No.  92-128
              241This replaces the previous travel advisory dated March 6, 1992, to delete the reference to evacuation and the advice for Americans in Zaire to depart.               172
ZAMBIA - Caution
February 13, 1992
Summary:  The Department of State advises U.S. citizens to exercise caution  while traveling in Zambia.  Declining economic conditions have contributed to a rise in crime, especially in Lusaka and the Copperbelt Province.  Zambian authorities are slow to grant consular access when foreigners are detained.  Travel into military areas and photography of military facilities are prohibited.  End Summary.
The Department of State advises U.S. citizens to exercise caution and prudence while traveling in Zambia.  Zambian authorities are slow to inform embassies and
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to allow consular access when foreign nationals are detained.  U.S. citizens should use extreme caution when traveling off major roads outside of tourist areas.  Restricted military zones are often unmarked and security authorities sometimes harass tourists taking pictures.  Although Zambia has recently dropped most restrictions against photography, some security authorities still harass tourists taking photographs of facilities they consider military and military-related, including bridges, airports, and government buildings.  Although Zambia's state of emergency was recently lifted, some roadblocks still exist and security forces continue to search vehicles.
Due to uncertain security conditions, visitors should exercise extreme caution when traveling in eastern Zambia on the Great East Road along the Mozambique
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border and in the west near the Angolan border.  However, tourist destinations, including national parks located in eastern Zambia, are considered safe; thousands of game viewers visit them annually without incident.  U.S. citizens should exercise special caution along the Zambia-Zaire frontier because of police and military actions aimed at curbing smuggling.
Crime is high in Zambia and travelers should take basic precautions.  In Lusaka, U.S. citizens should be especially vigilant on Cairo Road and in other commercial areas, where muggings and petty theft are commonplace.  Moreover, visitors should avoid travel on major city streets and main highways at night.  U.S. citizens should also avoid travel at night outside of major cities because of the absence of security features and roadside services.  Except for airlines,
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public transport is generally unreliable and unsafe.
U.S. citizens should contact the American Embassy upon arrival in Zambia for current information and to register their presence.  The Embassy is located at the corner of Independence and United Nations Avenues in Lusaka, tel.: 228-595.
 No. 92-022
This replaces the previous travel advisory dated March 12, 1991, to provide current information on problems associated with the photography of military and government buildings.               891
There is currently no advisory in effect for Zanzibar.               173
ZIMBABWE - CAUTION
April 17, 1992
Summary:  The Department of State advises U.S. citizens visiting Zimbabwe to exercise caution when traveling near Zimbabwe's border with Mozambique.  Use of public transportation is not recommended. Zimbabwe enforces stringent regulations regarding photography, onward tickets, and currency possession.  Visitors should be aware that a severe drought has affected the availability of basic foodstuffs in most urban centers.  End Summary.
The Department of State advises U.S. citizens to exercise caution along Zimbabwe's eastern border with Mozambique.  This region has been subject to
              294
incursions by armed bands from Mozambique, although no incursions have been reported since 1990.  The main tourist areas from Inyanga to Vumba have not been affected, but tourists should consult local authorities before traveling beyond these main tourist areas or taking off-road excursions anywhere near the eastern border.   The Gonarezhou National Park in southeast Zimbabwe remains closed to all visitors due to these security problems.  Travelers should expect to encounter police and military roadblocks in some regions of the country.
Muggings, purse snatchings, and break-ins continue to be a problem in Harare and Bulawayo.  Visitors should be particularly careful in downtown Harare, and should avoid shops and supermarkets where groups of people are awaiting the delivery of basic foodstuffs.
              295Be aware that Zimbabwean authorities are extremely sensitive about photographing certain locations and buildings, particularly government offices, military installations, official residences, and embassies.  Visitors are strongly advised to ask police permission before taking pictures.
Avoid using the local public transportation system.  There have been several fatal bus accidents resulting from overloading of buses,  inadequate maintenance, unskilled drivers, and occasional cases of drivers operating buses while intoxicated.
Be aware that there have been several incidents in which there were long delays
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before authorities notified the U.S. Embassy of the arrest or detention of Americans.  U.S. officials have protested strongly, and while there has been some improvement, there are still no guarantees that Americans detained for any reason by Zimbabwean police will have early access to U.S. consular officials.
The current southern African drought has seriously affected the availability of some basic foodstuffs for the general population. Although there has not yet been any reported shortage of food at hotels or other tourist destinations, there have been disturbances in parts of Zimbabwe at shops that have run out of staples such as corn meal, cooking oil, butter and sugar.  Electric power outages are expected from the drought.
               316
Although no visa is required to enter Zimbabwe, immigration authorities require the following:  (A) a firm itinerary, (B) sufficient funds to support the visit, and (C) a return ticket to the United States.  Onward tickets to non-U.S. destinations will often not suffice, and if  these requirements are not met, immigration authorities can order departure by the next available flight.
Currency transactions are strictly regulated.  Tourists must declare to Zimbabwe customs all currency and travelers checks with which they enter the country.  Failure to declare can mean confiscation and a fine.
U.S. citizens traveling to Zimbabwe are encouraged to contact the U.S. Embassy upon arrival to register their presence and to obtain an update on local
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conditions.  The Embassy is located at 172 Herbert Chitepo Avenue in Harare.  The Telephone  is 794-521.  In emergency situations, an Embassy duty officer can be contacted through the Marine Security Guard on duty in the Chancery.
No. 92-084
This replaces the previous travel advisory dated November 25, 1991, to advise of drought-related problems and to reinstate the reference to the closure of Gonarezhou National Park.               893
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