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[Last updated: 23 September 1993]
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"Process and Experience of Enlightenment" - a provisional title of
an originally untitled teisho.

This text addresses some of the most fundamental and delicate
religious issues. Therefore, it should be read, quoted and
analysed in a mindful way.

All copyrights to this document belong to John Tarrant, California
Diamond Sangha, Santa Rosa, Cal., USA
Enquiries: The Editor, "Mind Moon Circle", Sydney Zen Centre,
251 Young St., Annandale, Sydney, NSW 2038, Australia.
Tel: + 61 2 660 2993
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JOHN TARRANT ROSHI

TEISHO delivered during a ROHATSU SESSHIN
December 5, 1992 Camp Cazadero, California


(Tape starts mid sentence.)

... saw the morning star, gained enlightenment, and said, "Now I 
see that all beings of the great earth have in the same moment 
attained the way."

In the book of the Denko-roku ("The Transmission of the Light"), 
which is the first koan book, there's a poem by Keizan Jokin that 
goes with this case (i.e. Case 1 of Denko-roku "Shakyamuni 
Buddha"):

     "One branch from the old plum tree extends splendidly forth.
     Thorns become attached to it in time."

Please sit comfortably.

This is one of the primary legends in our particular tradition and 
this is the time of year when we traditionally celebrate the 
enlightenment experience.  The zen tradition is that each person 
actually has that experience of the Buddha. You don't have to 
believe in the Buddha, better if you don't.  What you have to do 
is have that experience for yourself so that you can know for 
yourself what coffee tastes like and you will not ever again have 
to read descriptions of what coffee tastes like.

The tradition is that Shakyamuni tried a lot of different paths, 
including a very ascetic path without eating and became just a 
living skeleton, but found that that wasn't the way and he 
accepted nourishment.  Somebody offered him some milk and he drank 
the milk.  We might symbolically see that as allowing whatever 
cows represent into his life, too.  Some sort of nurturance, some 
sort of earthiness.  So he accepted the milk and sat up all night, 
and in the morning he looked up and for the first time he truly 
saw the morning star.  That's the moment when he said, "At the 
same moment I and all beings of the universe have attained the 
way."  There are different versions of what he said and this is 
essentially a zen version of his enlightenment story.

So today, I'd like to talk some about enlightenment and what I 
think it is and what I think it isn't and share with you some 
stories about this tradition of enlightenment that we have.  I 
want to remind you first of the story from yesterday about Yn-men 
Wen-Yen (Jap. Ummon Bun'en), who was the guy who broke his leg 
when he was enlightened.  Yesterday we talked about Lin-chi's 
(Jap. Rinzai) enlightenment story.  The head monk Mu-chou Tao-ming 
(Jap. Bokushu Domei) said, "Why don't you go along to the teacher 
and ask this question" over and over again and Lin-chi could get 
nowhere.  Eventually, through that head monk's initial help he 
became a great master.  Yn-men came to that head monk much later 
in the head monk's life when he was about a hundred.  The story is 
told in a number of places.  This is the Blue Cliff Record version 
of the story.

     Mu-chou spun devices that turned like lightning so it was 
difficult to approach and linger.  Whenever he received someone, 
he would grab him as soon as he crossed the threshold and say, 
"Speak!  Speak!", and if there wasn't a reply he'd just push him 
out saying, "An ancient drill is just turning in a rut."

     It took Yn-men three times before he got let in.  And then, 
as soon as Mu-chou said, "Who's there?", and Yn-men answered, 
"Me!"  Mu-chou opened the door a little and Yn-men immediately 
bounded in (showing his spirit).

     Mu-chou, holding fast, said, "Speak!  Speak!"  Yn-men 
hesitated and was pushed out and still had one foot inside when 
Mu-chou slammed the door breaking his leg.  As Yn-men cried out 
in pain, he was suddenly greatly enlightened. Subsequently the 
trend of his words, his whole style emerged from Mu-chou.

After this, eventually Mu-chou directed Yn-men to go to Hseh- 
feng I-ts'un (Jap. Seppo Gison).  So Mu-chou decided that he 
couldn't teach Yn-men much further.  So this is one of the first 
things to point out here that while Yn-men, who really is one of 
the greatest figures in all of zen, had a very profound 
enlightenment experience, his teacher didn't think that that was 
enough.  Mr. Reginald Blyth, the haiku translator and the person, 
really, who taught Aitken Roshi about zen in prison during the war 
with Japan, compared Yn-men to Goethe or Shakespeare in his 
culture.  He thought of him as one of those figures who transcends 
national culture.  But even so, after his enlightenment, he had to 
go and keep working at it.

He arrived at Hseh-feng's place and said, "What is Buddha?" and 
Hseh-feng said, "Stop talking in your sleep."  And Yn-men then 
bowed and he lived there for three years.

One day Hseh-feng asked him, "What is your perception?"  Yn-men 
said, "My view doesn't differ in the slightest from that of all 
sages since antiquity."

For twenty years Ling-shu J-min did not appoint a head monk.  He 
used to say, "Now my head monk was born today."  And all that time 
he had his head monk's quarters vacant.

Then he would say, "My head monk is tending oxen" like a young boy 
in the fields.

Then later he would say, "My head monk is travelling around on 
pilgrimage."

Suddenly, one day he ordered the bell to be struck for everyone to 
assemble so that people could receive the head monk at the gate.  
The congregation was rather dubious about this, but Yn-men 
actually arrived (a ragged man with a limp).  Ling-shu immediately 
invited him into the head monk's quarters to unpack his bundle.

Ling-shu J-min was an unusual person.

     One day the local lord was going to mobilize his army and 
didn't go to the monastery personally to ask the master to 
determine whether conditions were favorable or not.  Ling-shu 
didn't want to be part of any of this.

Either way, you know, there's just no good advice you can give 
sometimes when somebody's planning war.

     He knew this before hand and sat down and died.

     The lord arrived and said angrily, "Since when was the master 
sick?"

     The attendant said, "The master hadn't been sick.  He had 
just entrusted a box to me which he ordered me to present to your 
majesty when you arrived.

     The Lord of Kwangtung opened the box and took out a card 
which said, "The eye of humans and devas.  A living buddha is the 
head monk in the hall."

     Then the Lord of Kwangtung calmed down, dismissed his 
soldiers, and invited Yn-men to lead the monastery.


I tell you that story to indicate some of the twists and turns of 
the dharma and some of the mysterious nature of the dharma.  I 
think the most mysterious thing is not Ling-shu's wonderful 
foreknowledge, but Yn-men actually breaking his leg and finding 
that an opportunity for enlightenment.  So that circumstances that 
are harsh, as well as benign, can be awakening devices for us.

To take off on this theme. . . The tradition of Buddhism started 
we assume around the time of Shakyamuni, and very much emphasized 
renunciation at first. If you read old Buddhist texts, or if you 
study Buddhism in Asia, you can't avoid the awareness of the 
importance of renunciation as an issue in Buddhism. I sometimes 
think of this as the foundation.  This is the ordeal quality that 
comes with any great learning.  That you will have to give up 
something if you want to practice the dharma well.  If you want to 
become enlightened.  In the initial traditions of Buddhism this 
was a very literal thing.  The idea was you couldn't really become 
enlightened or have a happy life without giving up everything, 
without living uncertainty, and certainly as a celibate person 
begging enough food for one day and no more.  And each day going 
out begging and if you didn't get the food, you went hungry.  So 
that was really the idea of renouncing all certainty and 
protection, in a sense, in this life.  And there was very much the 
idea that lay people didn't quite make it.  They had to wait for a 
favorable rebirth when they could be become monks or nuns.

As Buddhism progressed some people stopped taking renunciation so 
literally and started to see it more as an inner matter.  There 
was a great split in Buddhism and these people founded the 
Mahayana school, which we are members of.  And they thought that 
you could actually be quite asleep, you could follow all the 
monastic rules perfectly and still be a donkey.  And while there 
can be a laudable intention in renunciation, it doesn't always 
achieve what is wanted by itself.  The Mahayana was founded on the 
renunciation, but was something else. It was a castle built in the 
desert.  And the Mahayana came out with the idea that whether you 
are a lay person or a priest or a nun, enlightenment is equally 
available to everyone no matter what your circumstances.  There is 
no special fortune you must have in this life that makes 
enlightenment available to you. So you can see this is a very 
democratic move in some ways--that you don't need to have any 
special fate.  Enlightenment is always available.  Renunciation, 
then, came to be seen more as sort of inner fasting.  You might 
call it a fasting of the heart rather than of the body in which we 
just don't cling to things.  The old zen saying is, "The great way 
is not difficult, if just avoids picking and choosing."  It avoids 
comparison.  It avoids praise and blame.

So there is a great discipline in renunciation as the foundation 
of zen.  I think it is very much an inward matter.  At first, I 
think the primary element of the renunciation is in our attention.  
We stop following the mind road so that when you hear a bird call 
and you begin to think of the last time you heard a bird call, and 
you remember when you were in a forest and saw a beautiful 
pheasant, and then you think about a caged bird and feel sorrowful 
for all the caged birds in the world, and then you think, well, 
maybe I'm a kind of caged bird, and then you think well I can sing 
anyway.  That is the mind road and it's not much use.  So there is 
a renunciation that needs to happen there where we don't follow 
that well-worn groove in the mind.  That the mind when it is doing 
that is not lively.  It is not immediate and vivid.  It is just 
plodding along like the old donkey it is.  Sort of like an ox 
grinding corn in a traditional village.  Just plodding around and 
around and wearing a furrow in the ground. So we renounce that 
sort of ox-headed quality about our lives.  And actually, that's 
the great difficulty, the most difficult thing to renounce, 
really, truly.  Who knows how active the mind is in offering 
routines to us and sort of conventional things.  Flaubert, the 
great French novelist, actually made a dictionary of received 
ideas which he thought were those idiotic, pompous things that 
everybody believes.  And it's rather shocking when we begin zazen 
to see how many of those received ideas we just have and how much 
we just run our lives by them and make major decisions by them.  
In zen we let go of those opinions. An opinion and ninety cents 
will get you a cup of coffee.  So we let them go. And then you can 
see that in renunciation there is an act of courage because we 
have to let them go without knowing what will take their place.  
Because if we know what will take their place, we're not letting 
them go.  We can't get there from here.  And what will take their 
place is something very magical and shining and vivid, but we 
can't have it until we let go of what we've got.

I think, again, it was Yn-men who said, "It was better to have 
nothing than to have something good."  So that is the renunciation 
of zen.  And that's the equivalent of Shakyamuni fasting until his 
bones showed through his skin.  His skin just hung on him.  The 
equivalent of those people who cut off a finger to indicate their 
sincerity (it's a common thing in some cultures) in the way.  You 
don't have to cut off a finger.  It's actually much harder to cut 
off the mind road so I recommend you go straight to that.

But the renunciation also gives us, I think, a certain. . . We 
have to be prepared to renounce.  We get a certain equanimity with 
circumstances in zen that really is like the old ascetics in some 
way.  You know it rains, oh, so it rains; it's sunny, so it's 
sunny.  I'm happy today or I'm dying today.  That's very 
interesting.  There is an equanimity with the rise and fall of the 
waves of the world.  And that's really true.  We really do get 
that.  And the wave will come through and something will happen.  
We'll be sad or we lose our temper or something like that, but 
then it is gone and a new wave is coming through and we don't 
cling to the past wave.  Even if we were stupid, we don't cling to 
that. Even if we were very successful, we don't hold that either.

In the Mahayana people built up the idea of the bodhisattva and 
the legend of the bodhisattva is of one who really knows what her 
purpose is in this world. It is to enlighten and to save other 
beings.  The bodhisattva in the legend, also puts off her own 
complete enlightenment.  A bodhisattva is greatly enlightened, but 
not completely and utterly enlightened because that would mean she 
would instantly disappear from this universe and go and live in a 
pure land teaching people who are almost there instead of us 
struggling beings.  I've thought much about this over the years, 
this legend, of the idea of putting off your own enlightenment 
which seems rather dumb, really, when you think about it. How can 
you help people by being stupid?  The very core of zen is the idea 
that if you are enlightened, your action will be freer and truer 
and more helpful and if you are not enlightened it's not much use 
trying to run around the world acting if you don't ever take any 
time for inwardness.  Your actions will go sour and your good 
actions will not help people because your eye will not be clear 
enough to see how to help people.  You'll be declaring war on 
things.

So what I came to, and I think this is a solid reading of that 
myth, is the idea that the bodhisattva is open to and vulnerable 
to the world in order to join with us.  That if we are to be a 
bodhisattva, we have to be open to being touched by other people.  
Otherwise, we cannot connect with them and we cannot help them.  
And if we are opened to being touched, of course, we're open to 
being harmed and we have to let go of our complete perfection or 
we'll never get there.  So we have to be at ease in the waves of 
the world rather than trying to flatten them all out.  You can see 
how this view would lead us to believe that you could practice as 
a bodhisattva as a lay person rather than just as a clerical 
person.  That you can practice as a bodhisattva no matter what you 
are doing since all circumstances are equally bad and equally 
confused and turbulent.  You notice how in sesshin we try to 
control things and sesshin is actually quite a structured 
environment according to our usual patterns, but you also notice 
how everything is always out of control in sesshin, too.  There is 
always this sort of creative chaos that goes on in the kitchen and 
machines go on at the wrong time and obliterate your quiet zazen.  
Logistics are always breaking down because that is the way of 
things.  Gregory Bateson's daughter asked him, "Daddy, why are 
things in a mess?" and he pointed out to her that we have very few 
ideas of what was orderly, but very many ideas of what was messy 
so things were much more likely to be in a mess than to be 
orderly.  He illustrated that by arranging things on a 
mantelpiece.  But things are always in a mess and the bodhisattva 
finds a harmony within that.

In Mahayana thought there were some great developments.  There was 
a whole school called mind only which came to the realization that 
there is that great underlying basis of everything, the great 
fundamental ground of being, which is what we call emptiness when 
we chant the "Heart Sutra."  And that this is an experience that 
just comes over us in meditation sometimes.  Everything is taken 
away.  This is the true renunciation.  It is not an act of will, 
but an act of understanding.  Even to say understanding is saying 
too much.  It's like the moon reflected in the water.  It's an 
instantaneous reflection.  The water doesn't think about it and 
then reflect the moon.  It's just like a mirror.  So the moonlight 
is this fundamental ground of being, but it's also intangible.  It 
can't directly be touched.  But everything is held in this and we 
can speak of the compassion of the ground of being, that it holds 
us and whenever we come home, there it is.  It is always there.  
Whenever we gather our attention, it is always there.  And while 
it is nothing at all, we can rest in it.  This is a vivid 
experience of zazen and also something that you can cling to and 
destroy you and yourself with it, of course, like everything else.

As the Mahayana went on, people began to develop even more 
sophisticated images. Perhaps the height of this was the Flower 
Garland School, which is the Hua-yen (Jap. Kegon) School of 
Buddhism, which saw that not only are all the things of the world 
reflected in the mind, but the mind completely appears in all 
those things in the world.  So the idea of interpenetration arose.  
If you've ever read or sat with Thich Nhat Hanh, he's very 
influenced by this idea and talks about it a lot.  For him it is 
the source of all social action.  The idea that each being is 
actually all other beings.  The universe is the great net of 
Indra, is one of the metaphors, and each place the net crosses 
over, there is a jewel and each jewel holds a reflection of all 
other jewels.  There is a great luminous world here in which each 
object is alive and vibrant and containing all other objects and 
at the same time the subject-object boundary is, of course, quite 
broken down.

About that time philosophy seems to have run out in zen.  I think 
it was a great achievement, that tradition, and something I'm 
still trying to quite fathom, I think, but also it got kind of 
fancy and got away people's direct experience. So in zen there is 
always the move back to direct experience.  So that Wu-men Hui'kai 
(Jap. Mumon Ekai) says, and he's quoting an ancient saying, "When 
you meet the Buddha on the road; kill the Buddha."  Because the 
Buddha is no use to you.  If you are not the Buddha, the Buddha is 
just a kind of poison.  He also said, "Wash your mouth out with 
soap and water when you speak the word, `Buddha'."

So this is the enlightenment experience when you completely let go 
of all your ideas and delusions because they are a kind of veil in 
front of you.  There's nothing wrong, really, with walking around 
with a veil.  You still contain every other being in the universe, 
but if you want to know for yourself, if you want to experience 
the joy, then you have to fast in that way and let go of that 
veil.  Let go of something good until you have nothing and then 
the joy will appear.

So I'll talk a little, perhaps, about enlightenment experience.  I 
gave a talk in Berkeley about a week ago and I spent about two 
minutes talking about enlightenment and it was a rather long talk 
and almost ninety percent of the questions I was asked were about 
enlightenment.  And so I thought, "Gee, I should wash my mouth out 
with soap and water for mentioning the word."  But let me mention 
it and I'll wash my mouth out later.

The idea of enlightenment is the idea of a transforming experience 
and the experience transforms our point of view.  A lot of people 
focus on the ecstatic qualities of zen experience, but in the 
tradition we're not that interested in ecstatic qualities.  We're 
somewhat interested in them as a kind of consequence of a real 
experience, but they themselves are not diagnostic of whether the 
experience is real.  People can get ecstatic over the most amazing 
nonsense. Look at the history of any religion and you'll find 
these wonderful ecstatic people who have not a clue about 
anything.  Running around killing each other because their enemies 
are heretical.  But there is a characteristic of the experience as 
joy.  Tung-shan's master asked him, I think it was Tung-shan's 
master, said, "Are you joyful yet?"  And he said, "It's as though 
I found a pearl in a pile of shit."  You see, what's the pile of 
shit is the mind road itself.  Again, you see the Hua-yen, the 
idea that the mind, the great eternal ground, the original face 
itself appears in you.  It appears in the grass.  It appears in 
the old piano in the corner.  It doesn't appear anywhere else  
except in a pile of shit; fortunately, doesn't appear anywhere 
else.  So there is no way beyond where you are that you'll find 
eternity, but you will find it if you look.  So that was his joy.

The other thing is that enlightenment seems to afflict some people 
whether they look for it or not.  And occasionally you'll find 
somebody, Mrs Flora Courtois is a good example in the (zen) 
literature.  She just sweats life and has an enlightenment 
experience.  Because they worry about eternity so much it somehow 
comes over them.  Some people will just walk into a zendo and just 
sit for. . . I knew somebody who came to a zendo and at her first 
zazenkai she came along and was chanting the "Kannon Gyo" and had 
an enlightenment experience.  She didn't even know the words. She 
had to hold the sutra book and that's one of the easiest sutras to 
learn, so you can see how new she was.  This was the first time 
she'd ever chanted and she had an enlightenment experience.  But 
that's kind of a disadvantage when that happens.  I think it was 
for her, or she felt it was, because there's not enough 
containment yet to hold it.  And what she realized, she saw that 
everything was taken away.  She saw the emptiness side of things 
and she burst into tears and she didn't have the joy.  While she 
could see something, it wasn't yet enough.

I think what happens with the enlightenment experience is that we 
do our zazen faithfully and we work within the structure of the 
precepts however we can.  I think that structure is very helpful 
and gradually we deepen.  And some people work with a koan, which 
I think is very helpful, and some people have these Boom! 
experiences, Kaboom!  And other people don't.  Other people just 
gradually open wider and wider.  Some people don't even work with 
a koan and they just open wider and wider and they become very 
deep and serene and very clear in that way.  So there is no 
orthodox way to become enlightened.

In zen the idea of sudden enlightenment has been very strong.  
There is a truth to that because if you're going to change your 
stance in the world, it completely changes.  The suddenness refers 
to the utter nature of the change. If you're not going to follow 
the mind road anymore, you just don't follow the mind road and 
it's a complete change.  It's like an egg can't be partly rotten. 
It's all rotten.  It's not good in parts.  So there is a 
suddenness for some people, but for other people in time the 
suddenness is the complete change of view, but actually they 
change very slowly and then deepen and get richer over time and 
sometimes this is a better way because all the time you put in 
sweating and being stupid is very valuable.  And the time you put 
in not being stupid is not as valuable, which is why the great D. 
T. Suzuki's dharma name was Daisetz or Great Donkey.  So his 
teacher must have thought very highly of him, I think, to give him 
such a name.

I've seen different kinds of enlightenment experiences so I'll 
talk about a few I've seen over the years.  I have one friend who 
had a very classical sort of experience, the kind that people like 
to write up and publish in books because it's all very neat and 
orderly and makes you think everybody has that experience.  He was 
training and he was going along and working at his job.  He was a 
school teacher, I think, at that time, and he'd come and sit 
sesshin whenever he could and he'd sit a lot.  He felt himself to 
be just getting deeper.  And he was the sort of a person who 
really didn't ask a lot of questions.  He worked on the koan Mu 
and he just worked with that koan and sat a lot and felt that he 
really didn't have a clue, but that if he kept sitting, it would 
get better.  And, really, it didn't.  He didn't get any wiser, he 
thought, but he did get more serene and became happier gradually 
and that often happens in zazen, very often you do become happier.  
Then things started to happen. Like the tanto hit the wall with 
the stick making that crack sound that tanto's love to make.  He 
jumped off his cushion before he even noticed.  He just sort of 
levitated and fell back down.  Then a bird would call and it would 
go right through him and he would feel like he could hear it 
calling for hours. Occasionally he'd get excited when he had this 
experience, but it would go away again.  But he felt like he was 
resonating and for a long time he was like that. He was like a 
string that's quite taut and even if it's touched a little bit, it 
will shake, but it didn't really sing out yet.  On the last night 
of sesshin he was in this rather deep place, but quite happy and 
not thinking about enlightenment, of course.  He was studying with 
Aitken Roshi and Aitken Roshi for some reason, nobody remembers 
now, had used the words `headless corpses and corpseless heads,' 
to make some point in teisho, an absurd phrase.  The student was 
sitting up in the dojo and people were sleeping in it because it 
was very crowded and people were snoring and people and people 
snore in different overtones, you know.  He was sitting there 
alone meditating with all this snoring around him and this phrase, 
`headless corpses and corpseless heads' started going around and 
around in his mind, mixed with the snores and the snores started 
saying this.  He's sitting there all alone meditating pretty 
happily and the whole world's turning into this absurd saying, 
going round and round in his mind and the snores and everything.  
Then after he kind of got sick of this and decided that that was 
enough and it felt right and he went to bed. He went to bed and 
then he just turned over, still in bed, and the whole world just 
turned over, and he said, "Ah!"  So then he sort of shrugged and 
went to sleep.  And then he got up in the morning and everything 
was shining.  Every object in the world was shining.  He felt this 
great joy and love and everything was shining and glowing.  It was 
like that for weeks.  And so then he went to Aitken Roshi and 
couldn't communicate this at all.  It was six months before they 
managed to find a way to talk about it in the koan language.  But 
it didn't matter to him--either of them--but it didn't matter to 
him because he had had this experience.  He had his joy.

So that's a fairly classical experience of the deep kind.  I know 
other people who really sit.  There are people I've worked with 
that I really didn't even give a koan to and I just got to sit and 
who gradually became wiser and wiser and wiser that way until one 
day they realized they'd gone the other side of the gate.  That is 
a completely other way to do it.  It's not very dramatic and it's 
hard to describe how it happens because you just walk, live along 
your life. But that is an equally important way to have the 
dharma, to experience the dharma.  Where you know there is 
something, a way in which you are out of harmony with the Tao so 
you shift so that you are in harmony with the Tao and that's all 
you do.  You just do these little shifts all the time and sooner 
or later you realize that you are the Tao and the Tao is you and 
it is not a matter of being in harmony with it at all.

In my own--I don't usually like to talk about my own experience, 
but it's sort of distant now.  I think it's sometimes often 
important to protect an enlightenment experience and not talk 
about it.  You want to be very careful with it.  When I had my own 
experience, I didn't tell anybody for about six months, I guess.  
I told my teacher, but I didn't tell anybody else until I'd 
settled down a little bit.  In my own experience I had really 
always wanted to be enlightened and I'd had this really strong 
sense of effort and struggle.  I'd gone to each sesshin thinking, 
"I will do it this time."  I would really meditate very hard.  I 
think as I got deeper in my zazen, I got happier and I didn't 
really didn't care so much if I got enlightened and I realized 
that I was living the great life in my ignorance, which is again, 
an essential thing of the Hua-yen, isn't it?  That each object in 
the universe contains all other objects, each object manifests the 
radiance of Buddha nature.  So whether you're working on Mu or 
whether you're sitting there asleep and snoring on your cushion, 
you still manifest the dharma, but it's good to know it and you 
don't know it yet. Not knowing in that sense, then, can be 
painful.  So it's good to wake up the desire for the way, but then 
the desire itself becomes a problem, as it did for me.  I had to 
back myself off in my zazen and stop being so tense and stop 
struggling so much.  I used to throw up all the time.  I'd be so 
tense, I'd rush out at kinhin and throw up, rush back and do more 
zen.  It was sort of just another ritual, you know.  I did that 
for a year or so, I guess, a couple of years.  Finally, I thought, 
"Well, there must be another way."  And I got to just enjoying my 
zazen.  I decided I'd be lazy in my zazen, actually.  But I 
couldn't be lazy.  What happened was I stopped the interfering 
mind and the of zazen started doing me.  In this particular 
sesshin I had this dream beforehand that I thought was very 
significant.  In the dream I went past the bones of the ancestral 
saints on foot.  I was in a car and it broke down and I had to 
proceed on foot.  Then I saw some senior students.  (Again the 
importance of friends, rather than the rules and the teacher.)  
Some senior students showed me the way to a mountain that nobody 
knew of.  It was a secret mountain, but it was the highest 
mountain in land.  They showed me the way up.  And all the 
children were coming down from that mountain into the world to be 
born and I was going up.  I got to the place where the children 
came from.  In the dream I had an ice cream cone and I was licking 
it.  Well, I felt somehow this dream seemed a good sign. So often 
you'll get intimations like that, but you can't hang onto them 
because if you hang onto them, you just step backwards.  So I felt 
odd about the dream. But I went into sesshin determined this time 
I was going to do it.  I had a really good first couple of days 
and then my mind went all to shit, like I'd never had worse zazen 
in my whole life.  The more I tried the worse it got.  So I 
thought, "Well, I just won't try."  I'd built up such a head of 
steam that not trying was good for me; whereas, earlier in my 
practice I had to try because I would have just stopped practicing 
otherwise.  Then this experience just came over me then.  I just 
couldn't help it.  I was just sitting in the dojo laughing.  
Aitken Roshi had just asked me one of his silly questions that he 
was always asking me.  Only this time I went back to the dojo and 
started laughing at the question.  I still didn't know the answer, 
but I just laughed and laughed at the question.  He asked me, 
"What is the height of the Mu?" I remember.  And so I laughed and 
laughed quietly to myself because I didn't want to disturb other 
people and it came over me, "I know the answer to that question."  
And I thought, "Well, there's no need to go in and tell him, is 
there?"  So I sat there for a day or so laughing to myself and 
eventually I went into dokusan and answered his question and his 
eyes got big.  He asked me a whole lot of other questions which I 
could answer, but I still didn't know what I was answering. So 
this went on for a few dokusan and he asked me Hakuin's question 
about the sound of one hand, which had always rather terrified me.  
I'd always thought, "I hope I get through koan study without 
having to do that one."  Knowing I'd never pass it and it would 
embarrass me horribly.  I'd be proved to be a fake.  This is true.  
When I was in Australia and I was working without a teacher and I 
was working on Mu, I was going under general anesthetic for some 
minor surgery and I decided that it would be a good time to really 
work on a koan and I chose that koan.  And I still remember going 
under the anesthetic going, "What is the sound a single hand?" 
sort of circling around me which absolutely wasn't any use at all, 
of course.  I don't know.  Maybe it helped.  I came out with the 
koan, too, I remember.  I was still stupid.  Anyway, Aitken Roshi 
held out his hand at one stage when he asked me this question and 
the whole world opened up for me.  I was in the dokusan room, this 
very little room on Maui.  I remember the stars and the great wind 
of the universe.  Everything was in that room.  He was Hakuin and 
then I was Hakuin and I met Hakuin in that fashion.  I answered 
all his questions, but it took me a long time to digest that.  I 
actually went out and made a complete mess of my life for a few 
years.  I think that's a common experience.  That in a way I 
couldn't hold it.  I didn't know what to do with my inner 
character work to hold this experience I had had.  I, in fact, 
avoided being a leader for a long time even after I'd had that 
experience because I felt I just wasn't fit to help people and I 
had to digest what had happened.  And so it goes on like that.  
That you have to really let it go and throw it away. Anything you 
hold onto really becomes another veil in front of you.  This is 
one of the deepest truths of zen.  It is not so hard to realize 
the world of emptiness, but to really express it is the great 
thing and the great work.  That is why we can make mistakes and be 
stupid afterwards.  But the bodhisattva way says that we actually 
have to make that mistake.  We have to go out into the world to 
try and help beings and gradually we learn and the enlightened 
action does comes more truly through us.

I'll tell one last story because it occurs to me I forgot to tell 
a story about a woman by mistake.  This is a neat story about a 
friend of mine who had her enlightenment experience.  I was 
training with her and she had hers about six months or so before 
I'd had mine.  She was a person who as a child had been very 
unhappy and had a very difficult childhood, but had lived on the 
edge of town and had gone out into the forest alone a lot, or into 
the woods alone a lot, and had had certain experiences, of the 
kind we had in childhood, you know, most of us have had, where the 
subject-object difference broke down and she just became the tree 
or the moss or the stones.  She had always  remembered this and 
then had found zen and realized that this was a way to enter that 
world, to consolidate that world.  So she really, badly wanted to 
get enlightened and was really gung ho, and nothing she did really 
helped.  She'd meditate, but sesshin after sesshin she wouldn't be 
enlightened afterwards and be very disappointed and depressed.  As 
I used to be, too.  There was nothing worse than the closing 
ceremony of sesshin, I remember.  Some of the worst moments of my 
life.  I see people going through it now and I just feel for them 
so much.  So anyway, she really flung herself into it and she had 
a real gift for meditation.  I always thought she had a better 
samadhi gift than I did.  She flung herself into it and time and 
space disappeared for her on day one.  That's what it looked from 
the inside and she went through the whole thing in a kind of 
trance.  From the outside she was throwing up all the time and she 
had a fever and she had diarrhea.  She was rooming with a bunch of 
women, about eight women in a big room, which fortunately had a 
bathroom.  They would carry her to and fro from the zendo, to help 
her, and help her out of bed.  She desperately wanted to get to 
the zendo and she'd start moving toward the zendo and they'd help 
her. They'd carry her out of the zendo when she fell apart, when 
she was weeping with tears and snot.  Suddenly, on about day five 
of sesshin, she was sitting in the dokusan line, which is in a big 
hall in Maui, and there was a big painting of Kuan-yin [Chinese 
version of the bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara] in front of her on the 
wall.  The dokusan room was set up so you looked at that wall and 
the painting and then you walked around the corner to go to 
dokusan.  She was sitting there looking at the wall, and she 
suddenly realized she was looking at the wall, which was her first 
moment of consciousness in five days.  She realized that the wall 
came down and exactly met the floor and then she burst out 
laughing.  That was her enlightenment realization.  The wall meets 
the floor!  She ran into the roshi laughing and told him, "The 
wall meets the floor!"

One of the things I want to emphasize here is the plainness and 
the ordinariness of what we discover.  After all there's nothing 
much to Huang-po's [Huang-po Hsi-yn (Jap. Obaku Kiun)] dharma, is 
there?  After all the wall meets the floor.  The crow goes, `caw, 
caw.'  The birds just go, `cheep, cheep; cheep, cheep.'  
Everything is plain and clear before your eyes.

I tell you these stories because I think the heart likes to hear 
stories sometimes and not just be told do more zazen and shut up.  
But actually do more zazen and shut up are the best instructions.  
Don't cling to the stories because really it will be different for 
you.  Really some people do open slowly.

One of Aitken Roshi's virtues is his candor, I have always 
thought.  I think it may be published in one of his books.  It's 
the story about his own lack of enlightenment experience.  
Something shifted in him during a sesshin once in the mid sixties 
with Soen Nakagawa Roshi.  Soen Roshi gave a "Kaatz!" in the dojo 
and Aitken Roshi found himself joining in.  This "Kaatz!" came out 
of him. Aitken Roshi was very good about dojo behavior so it was 
not the sort of thing he was wont to do, but this "Kaatz!" came 
out of him.  He was sitting facing in and Soen Roshi had him 
turnaround and he hit him with the kyasaku over and over again and 
calling out "Kaatz!  Kaatz!  Kaatz!" in the dojo.  Aitken Roshi 
was just exhausted after all that and went to bed and this Kaatz! 
just kept coming out of him.  But then nothing happened, you know.  
And so he felt like, "Well, back to the zafu," and went on.  He 
essentially considered himself a zen failure for many years, as 
I'm sure you know.  I'm not telling you anything he hasn't written 
about publicly.  I think that's something precious and dear about 
him. A true donkey.  He trained with great teachers--with Soen 
Roshi and Gempo Yamamoto Roshi and Hakuun Yasutani Roshi.  They 
kept handing him down saying, "Train this guy."  Finally, Koun 
Yamada Roshi inherited him and he was sitting there listening to a 
story about a koan about a rhinoceros where Enkan (I can't 
remember his Chinese name, [Yen-kuan Ch'i-an (Jap. Enkan Saian)]) 
says, "Bring me the rhinoceros fan."  And his attendant said, 
"It's broken."  Enkan says, "Well, bring me the rhinoceros."  And 
Aitken Roshi said, "I could bring him the rhinoceros."  This 
wonder came over him.  He told one of the leaders.  The leader 
said, "Well, you'd better have a talk with the Roshi.  I'll 
arrange dokusan."  Yamada Roshi said, "Well, you've had an 
experience of some kind, perhaps, long ago, but only now has it 
come to fruition."  There was no great emotion for him.

If you read the enlightenment stories of the people who became 
great teachers, they're always flamboyant enlightenment 
experiences; but if you read the history of those people's 
sanghas, the sanghas often suffered a lot and their character work 
often wasn't done and often they exploited their students in 
various ways. Aitken Roshi's been very good about that stuff.  So 
there's something to be said for being a slow, foolish person, 
That when it goes in, it goes deep.  As Yn-men says, "It's better 
to have nothing than to have something good.". So be very patient 
with who you are, be very honest with who you are.  It is enough 
to be truly and deeply and utterly who you are.  That will always 
open the way for you.  Trying to be somebody else or to have 
somebody else's enlightenment experience is just another veil in 
front of you and you can't ever get there from here.  Naturally, 
there will be veils and that's okay, too.  Be patient with 
yourself and your veils.

I have spoken so intimately and candidly today to try to encourage 
you.  I don't want this tape distributed and I'd like you not to 
talk loosely about the kind of experiences I've told you today, if 
you don't mind, because people will misunderstand hearing it out 
of the sesshin context.  We don't want to mislead people.  People 
always cling to the flamboyance of the experience and they forget 
that it comes from just this moment, just being who I am.  "The 
wall meets the floor!"  That's it.  That's it.  Oh, now, the bell 
goes and it is time to cook.  That's it. I go and cook.

You know, when I had my experience, I was a server and the head 
server was a woman, who is still a buddy of mine, who had had an 
enlightenment experience under Koboyu (sp???) Roshi [Kobori Roshi 
? - tmc] in Japan years before, but she had had a great emptiness 
experience and it had never really flowered.  In that sesshin she 
became happy and got the joy of it.  We could tell something was 
going on with each other and we were both sitting up late at night 
out on the porch among the mosquitos and neither of us cared.  We 
were just sitting up there.  Every night I'd come out and she'd be 
there, or she'd come out and I'd be there.  We started to laugh a 
little about this.  She whispered to me when we were serving once, 
"There's nothing to realize!  There's nothing to realize!"  I 
didn't have a clue what she meant, but I was very pleased she took 
me into her confidence.  Years later I think I know what she 
meant.  But I could tell she knew it; she understood.

So, those are a few stories for you.  It was always the 
ordinariness.  I think compassion is something that gets opened in 
the way, when we are really into the way.  That is something.  You 
can check in on your own compassion and see how your doing.  
That's another judge.  There should be a kind of spontaneous sense 
of opening into the Tao and opening to other people.

Tonight we're not going to do any special night sitting for 
tonight officially. What we're going to do is invite you to sit 
for yourselves as so many people have over the years if you wish 
to sit up.  Just sit for yourselves.  The leaders will give you 
instruction about that.  I want to emphasize again that this is 
your matter.  This is something that comes out of your own heart 
and covers the valley and covers the whole continent.  It doesn't 
come from being anybody else than who you are.  You can't ever 
drink anybody else's coffee.  You can't ever have anybody else's 
experience or anybody else's love.  It must be your own and start 
from your own breast.

Thank you very much.  Please keep at it.
 
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Some supplementary notes:

     Ling-shu J-min, J-min (?-?). Teacher. Head of the Ling-shu 
Monastery (in Shao-chou, Kwangtung (Guangdong) Province. China.). 
Recommended his head monk, Yn-men Wen-yen (J. Unmon Bun'en) as 
his successor in directing the monastery. Active 9th c. China.  
[see  pp. 283 in: Chang Chung-Yuan (Transl. and Ed.). 1969. 
Original Teachings of Ch'an Buddhism selected from The 
Transmission of the Lamp. New York: Pantheon Books.]

     In the Zen tradition there are two Zen teachers called Tung- 
shan: 1) Tung-shan Liang-chieh (Jap. Tozan Ryokai) who was the 
student and dharma successor of Yun-yen T'an-sheng (Jap. Ungan 
Donjo) and was the co-founder [together with his disciple Ts'ao- 
shan Pen-chi (Jap. Sozan Honjaku)] of the Soto school of Zen;  2) 
Tung-shan Shou-chu (Jap. Tozan Shusho), the student and dharma 
successor of Yn-men Wen-yen (Jap. Ummon Bun'en).

     Detailed circumstances of the contemporary case of a 
spontaneus enlightenment are given in: Courtois, Flora. 1986. An 
experience of enlightenment. Wheaton. Ill: The Theosophical 
Publishing House, A Quest Book.

     Kobori Nanrei [Nanrai] Sohaku (1918- ). Teacher. Rinzai line. 
Tea ceremony master. Painter. Abbot of Rykin. Head of Ryokoin 
temple at Daitokuji. Former director of First Zen Institute of 
America in Japan. (tmc 7.03.93)
 
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